Table 3.

Concentrations of parabens in maternal blood according to participant characteristics.

Characteristics	Median (μg/L)
	Methyl Paraben	p-Value a	Ethyl Paraben	p-Value a	Propyl Paraben	p-Value a
Maternal age (years)
<35	31.10	0.82	29.56	0.36	2.33	0.93
≥35	59.28		19.07		4.33
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)
<25	37.16	0.26	24.51	0.80	2.69	0.96
≥25.0	23.73		34.17		7.25
Past history of alcohol consumption
Yes	36.98	0.29	29.56	0.69	2.85	0.93
No	28.19		19.41		6.41
Past history of smoking
Yes	35.93	0.59	25.99	0.08	2.85	0.10
No	86.07		31.36		4.43
Genotype
GSTM1
Present	35.93	0.32	29.56	0.86	3.98	0.83
Null	37.16		26.79		2.00
GSTT1
Present	37.92	0.63	30.63	0.74	2.19	0.89
Null	33.52		22.77		4.12
Infant gender
Male	31.64	0.63	39.38	0.07	2.26	0.96
Female	37.34		16.45		3.66
Gestational age (Weeks)
<37	36.37	0.21	32.51	0.001	24.22	0.47
≥37	36.46		27.27		2.88
Birth weight (g)
<2500	61.98	0.30	32.51	0.46	0.42	0.40
≥2500	36.15		27.27		2.96
Parity
0	31.51	0.78	25.82	0.33	2.96	0.62
≥1	39.56		31.04		2.85

^ap-Value calculated by the Wilcoxon rank sum test or Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test because of the skewness of the parabens data.