ABS	acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
AC	alternating current
ADA	alginate di-aldehyde
AMR	antimicrobial resistance
aMZI	asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Au	gold
AWG	arrayed waveguide gratings
bASCs	bovine adipose-derived stem cells
BPH-1	benign prostatic epithelial cells
BR	bioreactor
CA	cellular agriculture
CFD	computational fluid dynamics
CH4	methane
CM	cultured meat
CMOS	complementary metal oxide semiconductor
CNCs	cellulose nanocrystals
COVID-19	coronavirus disease-19
CO2	carbon dioxide
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DO	dissolved oxygen
ECBs	electrochemical biosensors
ECM	extracellular matrix
EI	environmental impact
EU	European Union
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization
FBS	fetal bovine serum
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FIA	flow-injection analysis
FMIA	Federal Meat Inspection Act
FSANZ	Food Standards Australia New Zealand
GHG	greenhouse gas
GluOx	glutamate oxidase
GMO	genetically modified organism
GNPs-MPS	gold nanoparticles-mesoporous silica composite
GOx	glucose oxidase
HeLa	Henrietta Lacks
hMSCs	human mesenchymal stem cells
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
H5N1	Hemagglutinin Type 5 and Neuraminidase Type 1
H7N9	Hemagglutinin Type 7 and Neuraminidase Type 9
IO4−	periodate
iPSCs	induced pluripotent stem cells
IR	infra-red
KCl	potassium chloride
LCA	life cycle assessment
LED	light-emitting diode
LoD	limit of detection
LTCC	low-temperature co-fired ceramic
MCs	microcarriers
MSCs	mesenchymal stem cells
MSN-PtNP-GOx	mesoporous silica nanoparticles-platinum nanoparticles-glucose oxidase
MWCNT	multi-wall carbon nanotubes
µBRs	microbioreactors
N2O	nitrous oxide
NDIR	non-dispersive infrared
NH2 group	amino group
NH3	ammonia
NIR	near-infrared
NPs	nanoparticles
NR	nanorods
PANI	polyaniline
PBE	population balance equations
PD	photodiodes
PDMS	polydimethylsiloxane
PEG	polyethylene glycol
PGA	polyglycolic acid
PLA	poly(L-lactic acid)
PLGA	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PMMA	poly(methyl methacrylate)
PPy	polypyrrole
PS	photonic sensors
Pt	platinum
PtNPs	platinum nanoparticles
PVC	polyvinyl chloride
RF	radio frequency
RIU	refractive index unit
SARS-CoV-2	severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SCs	satellite cells
SFA	Singapore Food Agency
Si	silicon
SiO2	silicon dioxide
Si3N4	silicon nitride
SMCs	single cardiac myocytes
SS	stainless steel
SU-8	“Structured by Uv”-“8 epoxy groups”
SUBs	single use bioreactors
Ti	titanium
US	United States
USDA–FSIS	US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service
ZnO	zinc oxide
2D	two-dimensional
3D	three-dimensional
3T3 cells	“3-day transfer, inoculum 3 × 105 cells”