Table 2.
A summary of the recent trematode proteomics studies included in this review.
| Trematode and Life Stage | Study | Proteomics Techniques | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult Clonorchis sinensis | Characterisation the ESP, tegument, and tegumental surface proteins | Freeze–thaw enrichment of tegument proteins, biotinylation of tegument surface proteins, LC-MS/MS | [25] |
| Adult Fasciola hepatica | Identification of plasminogen-binding proteins in the ESP | 2DE, ligand-blotting ESP with plasminogen, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, LC-MS/MS | [32] |
| Adult Fasciola hepatica | Characterisation of extracellular vesicle surface proteins | Biotinylation of extracellular vesicle surface proteins, LC-MS/MS | [38] |
| Fasciola hepatica NEJs | Comparison of the ESP of NEJs at 1, 3, and 24 h post-excystment | SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS | [41] |
| Fasciola hepatica immature flukes | Characterisation of the somatic proteome and ESP and comparison with the ESP of NEJs and adults. | LC-MS/MS | [42] |
| The eggs of Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium | Comparison of the ESP released by the eggs of the three species | LC-MS/MS | [49] |
| Adult Fasciola hepatica | Identification of antigenic fluke proteins recognised by purified IgG obtained from Indonesian Thin Tail sheep at 4 weeks post-Fasciola gigantica infection | Immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS | [55] |
| Adult Fasciola gigantica | Identification of antigenic ESP recognised by buffalo sera at 42, 70, and 98 days post-infection | Immunoprecipitation, LC-MS/MS | [56] |
| Schistosoma mekongi eggs | Identification of somatic egg proteins recognised by infected mouse and human sera | 2DE-immunoblotting, LC-MS/MS | [57] |
| Adult female Schistosoma japonicum | Comparison of somatic proteomes of flukes from single-sex and bisexual infections | iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS | [58] |
| Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica adults | MS-based identification of fluke species based on species-specific spectral profiles | MALDI-TOF MS | [62] |
| Adult Fasciola hepatica | Identifying the binding partners of host galectins upregulated during infection | Detergent-based enrichment of tegumental proteins, glycoprotein capture with immobilised galectins, LC-MS/MS | [65] |
| Adult male Schistosoma mansoni | Characterisation of oesophageal gland proteins | LC-MS/MS, QconCAT | [71] |
Abbreviations: 2DE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; ESP, excretory/secretory products; iTRAQ, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation; MS, mass spectrometry; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TOF, time-of-flight; NEJ, newly excysted juvenile.