Table 5.
Non-coding RNA in CHDs.
| Non-Coding RNA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allele | Clinical Sample Size | Modification | Tissue Type | Cardiac Disease Phenotype | Reference |
| miR-196a (rs11614913 CC) | 1324 CHD and 1783 controls | Increased mature miR-196a expression | Whole blood | TOF, VSD; ASD | [104] |
| miR-1-1 | 28 VSD and 9 controls | Upregulates GJA1 and SOX9 | Heart tissue | VSD | [105] |
| miR-181c | Downregulates BMPR2 | VSD | |||
| miR-1, miR-206 | 30 TOF and 10 controls | Upregulates Cx43 | Myocardium tissue | TOF | [106] |
| let-7e-5p; miR-222-3p; miR-433 | 3 VSD and 3 controls | Downregulated | Blood plasma | VSD | [107] |
| miR-184 | 10 CHD and 10 controls | Downregulated | Right ventricular outflow tract | Cyanotic cardiac defects | [108] |
| miRNA-139-5p | 5 family individuals | (c.1784T > C) gain-of-function | Whole blood | ASDII | [109] |
| miR-518e, miR-518f, and miR-528a | 7 Down syndrome patients with AVSD and 22 Down syndrome patients without CHD | Downregulates AUTS2 | Down syndrome lymphoblastoid cell lines (GSE34457) | AVSD | [110] |
| miR-518a, miR-518e, miR-518f, and miR-96 | Downregulates KIAA2022 | ||||
| miR-138 (rs139365823) | 857 CHD and 938 controls | Upregulates miR-138 | Whole blood | VSD; ASD; TOF; PDA | [111] |
Cardiac disease abbreviations: ASD (Atrial Septal Defects), ASDII (Isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect), AVSD (Atrioventricular Septal Defect), PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), TOF (Tetralogy of Fallot), VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect).