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. 2021 Mar 3;10(3):537. doi: 10.3390/cells10030537

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of apoptosis-driven caspase and autophagy activity eliciting immunogenic cell-death. Abbreviations: BAK, Bcl2 homologous antagonist/killer; BAX, BCL-associated X; cGAS–STING, GMP/AMP synthase—stimulator of interferon genes DNA-sensing system; CytoC, cytochrome C; IFN, interferon; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; PARL, presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protease; PINK1, phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TIM23, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TLR9, toll-like receptor 9; TBK1, TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator-binding kinase 1; TOM, translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane.