Figure 1.

Hypothetic effects of ozone mediators on Nrf2 and NfκB pathways. After administration, ozone reacts with biomolecules, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or plasma membrane, producing hydroperoxides, aldehydes, and H₂O₂ [60]. H₂O₂ can enter the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells and modulate nuclear factor NF-κB/Nrf2 pathways. Casein kinase 2 (CK2), CREB binding protein (CBP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Electrophile-responsive elements (EpRE), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), IκB kinase (IKK), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), Nuclear erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).