| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GDM G1 | diet-controlled GDM |
| GDM G2 | diet- and insulin-controlled GDM |
| IgG | immunoglobulin G |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| LF | lactoferrin |
| SIgA | secretory immunoglobulin A |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GDM G1 | diet-controlled GDM |
| GDM G2 | diet- and insulin-controlled GDM |
| IgG | immunoglobulin G |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| LF | lactoferrin |
| SIgA | secretory immunoglobulin A |