| CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
| TICs | Tumour initiating cells |
| LncRNA | Long noncoding RNA |
| TME | Tumour microenvironment |
| NOD/SCID | Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice model |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| AML | Acute myeloid leukaemia |
| ABC | ATP-binding cassette transporter |
| SP | Side population |
| T-ALL | T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
| MTS | Multicellular tumour spheroid |
| RA (ATRA) | All-trans retinoic acid |
| ALDH1 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| PI3K/AKT pathway | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ESA | Epithelial-specific antigen |
| CD | Cluster of differentiation |
| EPCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule |
| BCSCs | Breast cancer stem cells |
| UPS | Ubiquitin proteasome system |
| ATGs | Autophagy-related proteins |
| EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
| 3-MA | 3-methyladenine |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha |
| DRP1 | Dynamin-related protein 1 |
| KMT2C | Lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2C |
| LTR | Long terminal repeat |
| 5-FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| CML | Chronic myelogenous leukaemia |
| TFs | Transcription factors |
| LSCs | Leukaemic stem cells |
| TKI | Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor |
| DNMT3A | DNA methyltransferase 3A |
| HDAC1 | Histone deacetylase 1 |
| ALL | Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |