Table 1.
Published studies on bruxism in children with Down syndrome.
| Author [Ref.] | n. of Patients | Age (Mean) | M/F Ratio | Diagnosis | Bruxism Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alari et al. [24] | 21 | 6–7 y | - | - | 70% |
| Areias [37] | 45 | 6–20 y (13) | 1:0.96 | Questionnaire + IO examination | 23% |
| Ashworth [29] | 22 | 6–12 y (9.42) | 1:1 | CSHQ, Actigraphy | 45% |
| Bell [26] | 49 | 4–18 y | 1:1.13 | IO and dental casts examination, IO photographs, diet diary, tooth wear and general health questionnaire | 67% Tooth wear 11.4% SB * 8.6% AB * |
| Borea [28] | 37 | (12) | - | - | 45% |
| Breslin [31] | 35 | 7–18 y (12.65) | 1:1.19 | CSHQ | 34% † |
| Carter [30] | 58 | 0.65–18 y (8.6) | 1:1.07 | CSHQ | 45% (M: 55%, F: 33%) † |
| Cocchi [25] | 33 | 1–14 y (7.5) | 1:1.54 | - | 60.61% |
| Gullikson [23] | 28 | 3–10 y | - | - | 78.8% |
| Hernández [35] | 71 | 6–14 y | - | - | 18% |
| López-Pérez [32] | 57 | 3–15 y | 1:1.48 | Questionnaire, IO and dental casts examination | 42% (M: 35%, F: 52%) 3–5.9 y: 29% 6–8.9 y: 59% 9–11.9 y: 50% 12–14.9 y: 10% |
| Maris [34] | 54 | 5.4–11.6 y (7.5) |
1:1.22 | CSHQ | 31.5% SB |
| Miamoto [36] | 60 | - | 1:1.61 | Questionnaire, IO examination | 23% SB (M:24.3%, F:21.7%) |
| Ruy Carneiro [33] | 112 | 5–16 y (8.4) | 1:1.15 | Questionnaire | 51.8% (M:53.3%, F:50%) 5–7 y: 59.6% 8–12 y: 63.3% 13–16 y: 31.4% |
M = males; F = females; CSHQ = Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; IO = intra-oral; SB = sleep bruxism; AB = awake bruxism; y = years. * data based on 71.4% of the sample who filled the questionnaire. † Parasomnias (including bruxing and grinding) ≥ 2 nights/week.