| 1a. Stomata cryptoporous (Orthotrichum) | 5 |
| 1b. Stomata phaneroporous | 2 |
| 2b. Dioicous; gemmae always present | Nyholmiella obtusifolia |
| 2a. Monoicous; gemmae mostly absent | 3 |
| 3a. Plants creeping, producing many erect-ascending branches | Florschuetziella scaberrima |
| 3b. Plants erect-ascending, simple or forked | 4 |
| 4a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oblong, decurrent | Leratia exigua |
| 4b. Leaves acuminate, nondecurrent (Lewinskya) | 33 |
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