Table 2.
Aspects of studying and their impact on Global Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores. SD—standard deviation.
| Increased Perceived Stress due to Online Learning | Change in the Amount of Work due to Pandemic | Change in Productivity due to Pandemic | Thoughts About Quitting Studies | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes, n = 523; Mean (SD) |
No n = 588; Mean (SD) |
p Value (Effect Magnitude) | 1. Did not Change, n = 146; Mean (SD) |
2. Decreased, n = 373; Mean (SD) | 3. Increased, n = 592; Mean (SD) | p Value (Effect Magnitude) | 1. Did not Change, n = 199; Mean (SD) |
2. Increased, n = 138; Mean (SD) | 3. Decreased, n = 774; Mean (SD) | p Value (Effect Magnitude) | Yes, n = 553; Mean (SD) | No n = 558; Mean (SD) | p Value (Effect Magnitude) | |
| GHQ somatic symptoms | 10.40 (4.43) | 7.29 (4.36) | <0.001 (moderate) | 7.28 (4.55) | 8.81 (4.52) | 9.08 (4.71) | 0.005 (small); 1 < 2, 1 < 3 | 6.93 (4.29) | 7.38 (4.97) | 9.47 (4.51) | <0.001 (small); 1 < 3, 2 < 3 | 10.57 (4.41) | 6.96 (4.18) | <0.001 (large) |
| GHQ Anxiety and Insomnia | 13.67 (4.64) | 9.39 (5.23) | <0.001 (large) | 9.35 (5.42) | 11.24 (5.16) | 12.02 (5.42) | <0.001 (small); 1 < 3, 1 < 2, 2 < 3 | 9.18 (5.36) | 9.17 (5.69) | 12.37 (5.07) | <0.001 (moderate); 1 < 3, 2 < 3 | 13.7 (4.64) | 9.06 (5.07) | <0.001 (large) |
| GHQ Social Dysfunction | 13.21 (4.16) | 10.53 (4.41) | <0.001 (moderate) | 9.69 (4.24) | 12.93 (4.33) | 11.59 (4.45) | <0.001 (small); 1 < 2, 1 < 3, 2 > 3 | 9.25 (3.88) | 8.22 (4.47) | 13.07 (4.01) | <0.001 (large); 1 < 3, 2 < 3, 1 < 2 | 13.54 (3.97) | 10.04 (4.33) | <0.001 (large) |
| GHQ Severe depression | 8.80 (6.02) | 6.16 (5.48) | <0.001 (small) | 6.41 (5.38) | 8.01 (6.10) | 7.27 (5.83) | >0.05 | 5.56 (5.21) | 5.41 (5.42) | 8.24 (5.94) | <0.001 (small); 1 < 3, 2 < 3 | 9.75 (5.88) | 5.09 (4.89) | <0.001 (large) |