Table 2.
Overview of the role of Sirtuins in the liver.
| Sirtuin | Expression | Effect of Sirtuin on Target Genes | Effect of Sirtuin on Local Processes | Involvement in Metabolic Diseases | Function in MetS (Effect on the Organism) |
Effect of Dietary Influence on Sirtuin | Effect of Modulating Drugs on Sirtuin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sirt1 | Yes | PGC1α (↑) PPARγ (N/A) FOXO1 (↑) AMPK (↑) PPARα (↑) |
Gluconeogenesis (↑) Lipid metabolism (↑) Inflammation (↓) Insulin sensitivity (↑) β-oxidation (↑) |
T2DM NAFLD |
Positive | HFD (↑↓) CR (↓) Fasting (↑) |
Metformin (↑) Resveratrol (↑) Maslinic acid (↑) Vitamin K (↑) Fisetin (↑) Fucoidan (↑) Mangiferin (↑) LB100 (↑) APE (↑) γ-mangostin (↑) Liraglutide (↑) |
| Sirt2 | Yes | N/A | Insulin sensitivity (↑) Glucose uptake (↑) Glucose tolerance (↑) |
N/A | Positive | N/A | N/A |
| Sirt3 | Yes | PPARγ (N/A) FOXO1 (N/A) PPARα (N/A) PGC1α (N/A) |
ROS scavenging (↑) Mitochondrial integrity (↑) |
NAFLD | Positive | CR (↑) Ketogenic (↑) Fasting (↑) |
Salvianolic acid B (↑) Berberine (↑) |
| Sirt4 | Yes | SIRT1 (↓) PPARα (↓) mTOR (N/A) |
Fatty acid oxidation (↓) Mitochondrial gene expression (↓) |
N/A | Negative | N/A | 3-Iodothyronamine (↓) |
| Sirt5 | Yes | PGC1α (N/A) PPARα (N/A) AMPK (N/A) |
Ketogenesis (↑) β-oxidation (↑) |
NAFLD | Positive | Fasting (↑) High protein (↑) |
N/A |
| Sirt6 | Yes | SIRT1 (N/A) FOXO3a (N/A) PPARα (↑) ERRγ (↓) |
Glycolysis (↓) Triglyceride synthesis (↓) Lipid metabolism (↓) Insulin sensitivity (↑) β-oxidation (↑) |
NAFLD | Positive | N/A | Rolipram (↑) 3-Iodothyronamine (↑) |
| Sirt7 | Yes | N/A | Triglyceride synthesis (↓) | NAFLD | Ambiguous | N/A | N/A |