Table 5.
Overview of the role of Sirtuins in the skeletal muscle.
| Sirtuin | Expression | Effect of Sirtuin on Target Genes | Effect of Sirtuin on Local Processes |
Involvement in Metabolic Diseases | Function in MetS (Effect on the Organism) |
Effect of Dietary Influence on Sirtuin |
Effect of Modulating Drugs on Sirtuin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sirt1 | Yes | PGC1α (↑) SIRT3 (↑) AMPK (N/A) FOXO1 (↓) FOXO3 (↓) PI3K (↑) |
Mitochondrial activity (↑) Aerobic capacity (↑) Insulin resistance (↓) Fatty acid oxidation (↑) |
T2DM | Positive | CR (↑) HFD (↓) |
Resveratrol (↑) Telmisartan (↑) |
| Sirt2 | Yes | N/A | Glucose uptake (↓) | N/A | Negative | N/A | N/A |
| Sirt3 | Yes | AMPK (N/A) PGC1α (N/A) FOXO1 (↑) |
Energy expenditure (↑) Respiratory rates (↓) Insulin resistance (↓) ROS levels (↓) Glucose uptake (↑) |
T2DM | Positive | CR (↑) Fasting (↑) HFD (↓) |
Metformin (↑) |
| Sirt4 | Yes | AMPK (↓) | ATP levels (↑) Fatty acid oxidation (↓) Cellular respiration (↓) |
N/A | Negative | N/A | N/A |
| Sirt5 | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sirt6 | Yes | AMPK (↑) | Insulin sensitivity (?) | N/A | Ambiguous | N/A | N/A |
| Sirt7 | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | CR (↓) | N/A |