Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Person with Dementia | Carer | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 78.7 (9.0) | 57.5 (14.3) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 75 (68.2) | 41 (37.3) |
| Education level, n (%) | ||
| No formal education 1 | 51 (47.2) | 3 (3.0) |
| Primary | 31 (28.7) | 17 (16.8) |
| Secondary | 20 (18.5) | 46 (45.5) |
| Post-secondary or above | 6 (5.6) | 35 (34.7) |
| Carer relationship, n (%) | ||
| Adult children | 69 (62.7) | |
| Spouse | 34 (30.9) | |
| Grandchildren | 3 (2.7) | |
| Others (other relatives, friends) | 4 (3.6) | |
| ADCS-ADL, mean (SD) (range, 1–76) | 50 (18.9) | - |
| NPI-Q severity, mean (SD) (range, 0–26) | 4.18 (5.78) | - |
| CZBI-short, mean (SD) (range, 0–48) | - | 10.9 (9.3) |
| Role strain (range, 0–24) | - | 4.7 (5.1) |
| Self-criticism (range, 0–8) | - | 2.13 (2.25) |
| Negative emotions (range, 0–12) | - | 3.42 (2.83) |
| Perceived help-seeking difficulty, n (%) 2 | ||
| Very difficult | - | 2 (1.9) |
| Difficult | - | 15 (14.3) |
| Average | - | 41 (39.0) |
| Easy | - | 28 (26.7) |
| Very easy | - | 19 (18.1) |
| Perceived barriers to help-seeking, n (%) | ||
| Lack of knowledge about the symptoms | 41 (48.8) | |
| Difficulty in accessing service | 13 (15.5) | |
| Lack of time to seek help | 9 (10.7) | |
| Relying on oneself | 8 (9.5) | |
| Cost concerns | 7 (8.3) | |
| Disproval by family or friends | 3 (3.6) | |
| Unwillingness to disclose the person’s problem | 2 (2.4) | |
| Concern over stigma | 1 (1.2) | |
| Time to help-seeking, months, median (range) | 12.0 (0–204) | |
1 Data missing in two persons with dementia (n = 108) and nine carers (n = 101) for this item. 2 Data missing in five participants for this item (n = 105). ADCS-ADL = Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living; NPI-Q = Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire; CZBI-short = Cantonese short version of the Zarit Burden Interview.