Table 3.

Adjusted standard partial regression coefficient between visceral fat area (VFA) or body-mass index (BMI) and carotenoids (male).

Carotenoids	VFA				BMI
	All	20–39	40–59	60–	All	20–39	40–59	60–
Total carotenoid	0.012	0.039	−0.119	0.121	0.052	0.094	0.017	0.104
Lutein	−0.059	−0.123	−0.026	−0.057	−0.063	−0.077	−0.060	0.000
Zeaxanthin	0.053	0.007	0.035	0.131	0.031	0.067	0.048	0.021
β-Cryptoxanthin	−0.012	−0.001	−0.036	0.058	0.073	0.114	0.093	0.101
β-Carotene	0.041	0.050	−0.068	0.155	0.117	0.147	0.059	0.198
Lycopene	0.123 *	0.189	−0.058	0.212 *	0.075	0.129	0.045	0.033

* p < 0.05. Adj: age, current smoking habits, exercise habits, alcohol intake, use of medications, and total dietary fiber intake.