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. 2021 Mar 10;13(3):199. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030199

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was activated by ZEA. (a) Flow cytometry detected intracellular ROS with different concentrations of ZEA treated. (b) The bar chart indicated the average intensity of reactive oxygen species. (c) The protein expression level of Bax and Bcl-2 in chicken granulosa cells with ZEA treated. (d) The enzymatic activities of SOD1, CAT, GPX1, and GSH in chicken granulosa cells. (e) The expression level of cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions cytochrome c protein. Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV) and glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were used as internal controls for the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions, respectively. The results are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 versus the control group.