Table 4.
In vivo literature associated with genotoxic endpoints after exposure to oxidic nickel nanoparticles. Studies are arranged by nanoparticle type, followed by exposure method.
| Study | Klimisch Score | Model | Dosing Regimen (Exposure Method) (Dose Range and Unit) (Duration/Frequency) (Follow-Up Time) |
Health Endpoint (Assay) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO Nanoparticles | ||||
| [72] | K3 A,B | Female white rats | Nose-only inhalation 1.0 mg/m3 4 h/d, 5d 1 d 0.23 mg/m3 4 h/d, 5 d/w, 3, 6, 10 m 1 d |
Genotoxicity (random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) test) |
| [34] | K2 C,D | Female Wistar rats | Oral gavage 125, 250, 500 mg/kg One time dose 18, 24 h |
Genotoxicity (DNA damage, micronucleus test, chromosomal aberration assay) |
| [69] | K2 A | Male Wistar rats | Oral gavage 1, 2, 4 mg/kg/day 7 or 14 d, 7 d/w Immediately |
Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation, DNA damage) Cytotoxicity (apoptosis, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic proteins) |
| [56] | K3 A B,E | Female rats | Intraperitoneal injection 500 µg/rat 6 w, 3 d/w |
Genotoxicity (DNA damage) |
h: hour; d: day; w: week; m: month; A Not a guideline study. B Tested limited numbers of doses. C Deviated from OECD guidelines. D Lacked key details. E Non-physiological route of administration.