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Summary of the role of CD103+ DCs in intestinal immune tolerance. The immune tolerance in the intestine is mainly due to the Foxp3+ Treg. CD103+ DCs play a significant role in regulating Foxp3+ Treg, in which TGF-β and retinoic acid (RA) are important signaling molecules. IL-10, PD-1, and many others are also involved and have effects on DCs. In addition, on intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) and stromal cells (SCs) can promote the effect of CD103+ DCs after activation.
