Table 1.
Grammage, thickness, mechanical, and optical properties of the biocomposite films.
| Properties 1 | Pullulan | Pullulan and Apple Fiber | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grammage (g/m2) | 96.18 ± 4.63 | 131.52 ± 2.78 | 0.001 * | |
| Thickness (µm) | 35.59 ± 6.54 | 155.87 ± 11.35 | <0.001 * | |
| Mechanical | Peak Elongation (%) | 221.51 ± 39.07 | 2.81 ± 0.13 | 0.010 * |
| Tensile Index (N m/g) | 0.47 ± 0.06 | 4.18 ± 0.45 | 0.004 * | |
| Tensile Strength (N/m) | 42.05 ± 4.81 | 550.33 ± 57.37 | 0.004 * | |
| Elastic Modulus (MPa) | 4.51 ± 0.70 | 286.39 ± 44.12 | 0.008 * | |
| Optical | L* (lightness) | 28.77 ± 2.08 | 39.30 ± 0.20 | 0.012 * |
| a* (redness) | −0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.020 * | |
| b* (yellowness) | −1.55 ± 0.14 | 5.93 ± 0.45 | 0.002 * | |
| Transparency (%) | 94.13 ± 0.80 | 87.98 ± 0.24 | 0.003 * | |
1 Results shown as mean ± SD; * Significant result (p-value < 0.05).