Table A3.
Mycotoxin contamination detected in maize at harvest in Flanders, Belgium, from 2016 until 2018. Adapted from Vandicke et al. (2019) [26].
| Mycotoxin | Positive Samples (%) | Mean Concentration a (µg/kg) | Median Concentration (µg/kg) | Max. Concentration (µg/kg) | Samples Exceeding EU Recommendation (%) b | |||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016–2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016–2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016–2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016–2018 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2016–2018 | |
| n samples | 91 | 81 | 85 | 257 | 91 | 81 | 85 | 257 | 91 | 81 | 85 | 257 | 91 | 81 | 95 | 257 | 91 | 81 | 95 | 257 |
| NIV | 98.9 | 100 | 98.8 | 99.2 | 651 | 719 | 882 | 749 | 528 | 461 | 782 | 587 | 2368 | 6776 | 2410 | 6776 | ||||
| DON | 92.3 | 100 | 64.7 | 85.6 | 449 | 558 | 187 | 396 | 263 | 337 | 121 | 215 | 2777 | 5322 | 2111 | 5322 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 2.3 |
| 3-ADON | 78.0 | 29.6 | 15.3 | 42.0 | 54 | 36 | 23 | 38 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 297 | 380 | 1047 | 1047 | ||||
| 15-ADON | 64.8 | 51.3 | 12.9 | 43.4 | 95 | 81 | 15 | 65 | 71 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 819 | 769 | 249 | 819 | ||||
| DON+ c | 95.6 | 100 | 64.7 | 86.8 | 598 | 675 | 225 | 499 | 377 | 407 | 130 | 262 | 3050 | 6472 | 2111 | 6472 | ||||
| ZEN | 64.8 | 40.7 | 42.4 | 49.8 | 101 | 159 | 176 | 160 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1086 | 1412 | 2792 | 2792 | 1.1 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 7.8 |
| ENN B | 42.9 | 18.5 | 45.9 | 36.2 | 133 | 78 | 180 | 150 | 56 | 28 | 71 | 46 | 1375 | 1042 | 1985 | 1985 | ||||
| AOH | n.d. | 3.7 | 9.4 | 4.3 | n.d. | 1.4 | 6.5 | 2.6 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 49 | 209 | 209 | ||||
| AME | 2.2 | 3.7 | 10.6 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 12 | 20 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 371 | 453 | 453 | ||||
| FB1 d | 2.5 | 19.8 | 61.2 | 28.6 | 1.5 | 61 | 247 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 70 | 1363 | 4415 | 4415 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FB2 d | n.d. | 4.9 | 24.7 | 10.2 | n.d. | 9.0 | 62 | 24 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 413 | 1427 | 1427 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| FB3 d | n.d. | 7.4 | 18.8 | 9.0 | n.d. | 3.4 | 18 | 7.4 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 91 | 451 | 451 | ||||
| FUM c | 2.5 | 19.8 | 61.2 | 28.6 | 1.3 | 74 | 327 | 132 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 70 | 1783 | 6294 | 6294 | ||||
| DAS | 11.0 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 8.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.1 | 10 | 15 | 15 | ||||
| FX | n.d. | 7.4 | 2.4 | 3.1 | n.d. | 14 | 2.7 | 5.4 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 224 | 162 | 224 | ||||
| T2 | 1.1 | n.d. | 8.2 | 3.1 | 0.2 | n.d. | 6.2 | 2.1 | 0 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 17 | n.d. | 122 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| STERIG | 1.1 | n.d. | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | n.d. | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 15 | n.d. | 73 | 205 | ||||
| ROQ-C d | n.d. | 2.5 | 2.9 | 1.7 | n.d. | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | n.d. | 0 | 0 | 0 | n.d. | 30 | 25 | 30 | ||||
| TOTAL c | 98.9 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1485 | 1730 | 1877 | 1692 | 1310 | 1088 | 1596 | 1310 | 4153 | 13,748 | 8309 | 13,748 | ||||
n.d.: Not detected. a: Arithmetic mean. b: EU regulations: 2000 µg/kg for DON (complementary and complete feedstuffs for calves (<4 months)); 500 µg/kg for ZEN complementary and complete feedstuffs for calves and dairy cattle; 20,000 µg/kg for FB1 + FB2 (calves (<4 months)); 250 µg/kg for T2 (compound feed) [55,56]. c: DON+ = the sum of the incidence/concentrations of DON, 3-ADON and 15-ADON; FUM = the sum of the incidence/concentrations of FB1, FB2 and FB3; TOTAL = The sum of the incidence/concentrations of all detected mycotoxins. d: In 2016, only 79 samples were analysed for FB1, FB2 and FB3. In 2018, only 68 samples were analysed for ROQ-C.