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. 2021 Mar 14;22(6):2950. doi: 10.3390/ijms22062950

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Synthesis of tocopherols, plastoquinone and plastochromanol-8 in higher plants. The mutants of genes encoding enzymes of Arabidopsis are given in italics. DMPBQ, 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone; HGA, homogentisic acid; HPP, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate; HPPD, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; HPT, homogentisate phytyltransferase; HST, homogentisate solanesyl transferase; MPBQ, 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone; MPBQ MT, 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-benzoquinone methyltransferase; MSBQ, 2-methyl-6-solanesyl-1,4-benzoquinone; PC-8, plastochromanol-8; PQ-9, plastoquinone-9; PQH₂-9, plastoquinol-9; PPP, phytyl pyrophosphate; SPP, solanesyl pyrophosphate; TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase; TC, tocopherol cyclase; γ-TMT, γ-tocopherol methyltransferase; α-Toc, α-tocopherol; β-Toc, β-tocopherol; γ-Toc, γ-tocopherol; δ-Toc, δ-tocopherol; Tyr, tyrosine.