Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Mar 16;10(3):347. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10030347

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

E6 variants of HPV 16 regulate the activity of enzymes related to metabolic reprogramming. Variants of the AA sublineage increase glucose entry into the cell, increase glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), PKM2, and increase lactate release. Variants of the As sublineage increase enolase 1 (ENO1) levels. Mitochondrial metabolism is decreased by variants of the AA and As sublineages. Variants of the AA sublineage decrease IDH2 in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), whereas variants of the As sublineage decrease AIFM2 and cytochrome c in the electron transport chain (ETC). Variants of the AA sublineage increase the carbonic IX (CAIX) enzyme levels, essential for balancing the pH of the tumor microenvironment induced by aerobic glycolysis. Arrows in black indicate activation and positive regulation as appropriate. The thick black arrows indicate the increase in the product of the enzymatic reaction. Arrows T indicate inhibition.