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. 2021 Mar 1;13(3):809. doi: 10.3390/nu13030809

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Bone remodeling. Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BGLAP, bone-Gla-protein; BMP, bone morphogenic protein; BSP, bone sialoprotein; c-fms, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor; COL1, collagen type 1; CTSK, cathepsin K; HSC, hemapoietic stem cells; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MMP-9, matric metalloproteinase 9; Msc, mesenchymal stem cell; NFATc, nuclear factor of activated T-cells; NFkB, nuclear factor-kappa B; OPN, osteopontin; OCPs, osteoclast precursors; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand; Runx2, runt-related transcription factor 2; TRAF6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6; TRAP, tartare-resistant acid phosphatase.