Figure 1.

Effect of CSII therapy on the gut microbiome composition in the T1DM subjects. (a) The gut microbial diversity index measured by alpha diversity revealed that the subjects who had CSII therapy had higher microbial abundance (only in Simpson index). (b) There were no microbial dissimilarities (beta-diversity) in subjects with or without the CSII therapy. β-Diversity was visualized using Principle co-ordinations generated with the Bray–Curtis distance metric using QIIME. Analysis of group similarity (ANOSIM) was measured between categories included in this study using 1000 permutations, * p < 0.05. (b) Note: g UC, genus_unclassified; w/_CSII, with CSII therapy; w/o_CSII, without CSII therapy.