Table 2.
Assessment of risk of bias.
| S. No. | Author/Year/Country | Were Human Teeth Used as Specimens? | Was the Sample Size Statistically Calculated? | Was Bacterial Inoculation Verified? | Was Particle Size Mentioned? | Was a Control Group Present? | Were the Teeth Cleaned and Shaped before Irrigation? | Was the Irrigation Time the Same for Experimental and Control Groups? | Was the Observer/Evaluator Blind to the Groups? | Was There Any Conflict of Interest? | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Afkhami/2016/Iran [18] | Yes | Not reported | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not reported | None | Low |
| 2 | Kushwaha/2018/India [13] | Yes | Not reported | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not reported | Not reported | Medium |
| 3 | de Almeida/2018/Brazil, France [15] | Yes | Not reported | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not reported | None | Low |
| 4 | Rodrigues/2018/Brazil [16] | No | Not reported | Yes | Not mentioned | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not reported | None | Medium |
| 5 | Wu/2014/China [14] | Yes | Not reported | Yes | Not mentioned | Yes | Not reported | Yes | Not reported | None | Medium |