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. 2021 Mar 13;26(6):1601. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061601

Table 3.

Antimicrobial potential of the extracts of two Achillea species and selected phenolic compounds.

Species Extract Plant Part Salmonella
Abony 		Escherichia
Coli 		Enterococcus
Faecalis 		Staphylococcus
Aureus 		Candida
Albicans
Achillea
lingulata 		PE 1 INF 4 12.00 ± 1.00 15.33 ± 0.58 13.00 ± 0.00 11.67 ± 0.58 18.33 ± 2.52 *
VEG 5 nd 6 12.00 ± 0.00 13.00 ± 0.00 12.33 ± 0.58 20.00 ± 2.00 *
CH 2 INF nd 13.00 ± 0.00 * 13.33 ± 1.53 13.33 ± 0.58 20.00 ± 2.00 *
VEG nd 15.67 ± 1.15 * 13.67 ± 0.58 15.00 ± 0.00 19.67 ± 0.58 *
ET 3 INF 15.33 ± 0.58 * 13.00 ± 0.00 * 16.67 ± 2.08 16.00 ± 0.00 25.33 ± 2.51 **
VEG 12.33 ± 0.58 13.00 ± 1.73 * 14.67 ± 0.58 12.67 ± 0.58 16.33 ± 0.58 *
Achillea
abrotanoides 		PE INF 13.00 ± 0.00 14.33 ± 1.15 * nd nd 20.00 ± 0.00 *
VEG nd nd 12.33 ± 0.58 13.33 ± 1.53 18.00 ± 1.73 *
CH INF nd 12.67 ± 1.15 * 14.33 ± 1.15 13.33 ± 0.58 40.00 ± 0.00 **
VEG nd 14.00 ± 1.73 * 14.00 ± 1.00 17.67 ± 0.58 nd
ET INF 13.67 ± 0.58 14.00 ± 1.00 * 26.00 ± 0.00 ** 14.33 ± 0.58 21.67 ± 2.89 *
VEG 14.33 ± 1.15 * 15.33 ± 1.15 * 18.00 ± 1.00 * 15.67 ± 0.58 24.00 ± 2.00 **
Antibiotic/antimycotic 17.00 ± 1.00 14.33 ± 2.08 19.33 ± 0.58 34.33 ± 2.08 19.67 ± 1.15
Phenolic compound p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 12.33 ± 1.53 12.00 ± 0.00 12.67 ± 1.15 nd 18.67 ± 2.89 *
Salicylic acid 13.50 ± 0.71 13.00 ± 1.73 13.00 ± 1.73 nd 25.33 ± 0.58 **
Chlorogenic acid nd nd nd nd 14.33 ± 0.58
Caffeic acid 13.00 ± 1.41 15.00 ± 1.00 * 12.00 ± 0.00 nd nd
p-Coumaric acid 13.67 ± 0.58 11.33 ± 0.58 13.00 ± 0.00 nd 17.00 ± 0.00 *
Ferulic acid nd 14.67 ± 0.58 * nd nd nd
Rosmarinic acid nd 13.33 ± 1.15 12.67 ± 1.15 nd 17.33 ± 1.15 *
Quercetin nd nd 15.67 ± 1.53 13.67 ± 0.58 18.00 ± 1.73 *
Naringenin nd 12.33 ± 0.58 23.00 ± 1.00 ** 27.33 ± 2.31 * 22.33 ± 2.52 **
Morin 14.33 ± 0.58 * 11.33 ± 0.58 18.00 ± 1.73 * 12.00 ± 1.00 19.67 ± 2.52 *

1 Petrol ether; 2 chloroform; 3 ethanol; 4 inflorescence; 5 vegetative part; 6 not detected; * equally as effective as the antibiotic/antimycotic; ** statistically significantly more effective than the antibiotic/antimycotic at significance level p < 0.05 after ANOVA post hoc Newman–Keuls analysis.