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. 2021 Mar 4;10(3):482. doi: 10.3390/plants10030482

Table 1.

Essential oil compositions of Monarda citriodora cultivated in south Alabama.

Aerial Parts Essential Oil Root Essential Oil
RIcalc RIdb Compound #1, % ED, (+):(−) #2, % ED, (+):(−) #2, % ED, (+):(−)
923 925 α-Thujene 1.0 69.0:31.0 0.8 66.6:33.4 0.5 64.2:35.8
930 932 α-Pinene 0.3 84.2:15.8 0.3 62.8:37.2 0.2 74.5:25.5
947 950 Camphene tr tr tr
970 971 Sabinene tr tr ---
975 978 β-Pinene 0.1 64.5:35.5 0.1 0.1
976 974 1-Octen-3-ol 0.7 0.7 0.5
983 984 3-Octanone 0.1 0.2 0.3
987 989 Myrcene 0.7 0.4 0.3
995 996 3-Octanol 0.2 0.3 0.3
1002 1004 Octanal tr tr ---
1003 1004 p-Mentha-1(7),8-diene tr --- ---
1005 1006 α-Phellandrene 0.1 95.1:4.9 0.1 100:0 tr 100:0
1007 1008 δ-3-Carene 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0
1015 1017 α-Terpinene 1.8 100:0 1.1 100:0 0.7 100:0
1016 1022 m-Cymene tr tr ---
1023 1024 p-Cymene 7.8 6.4 7.2
1027 1030 Limonene 0.5 26.7:73.3 0.4 63.3:36.7 0.3 57.3:42.7
1028 1029 β-Phellandrene 0.2 0:100 0.1 0:100 0.1 0:100
1030 1033 Benzyl alcohol --- --- 0.4
1030 1030 1,8-Cineole 0.2 0.3 0.2
1055 1057 γ-Terpinene 1.7 0.5 0.2
1067 1069 cis-Sabinene hydrate 0.8 95.3:4.7 1.0 89.5:10.5 0.9 90.7:9.3
1083 1086 Terpinolene tr tr tr
1084 1086 trans-Linalool oxide (furanoid) --- tr 0.1
1087 1093 p-Cymenene --- --- tr
1098 1099 Linalool 0.1 71.9:28.1 0.1 49.7:50.3 0.3 50.1:49.9
1099 1099 trans-Sabinene hydrate tr 76.5:23.5 0.3 71.1:28.9 0.3 66.8:33.2
1165 1167 exo-Acetoxycamphene --- --- 0.1
1169 1170 Borneol 0.1 0:100 0.1 0:100 0.3 0:100
1178 1180 Terpinen-4-ol 0.4 60.2:39.8 0.4 58.5:41.5 1.9 20.9:79.1
1183 1186 p-Cymen-8-ol --- --- 0.1
1187 1190 Methyl salicylate tr --- ---
1195 1195 α-Terpineol 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.2 100:0
1196 1197 Methyl chavicol (= Estragole) --- 1.5 ---
1236 1239 Thymol methyl ether 4.4 5.6 11.3
1252 1252 Thymoquinone 0.2 0.7 1.3
1253 1246 Carvone tr 39.9:60.1 --- ---
1290 1289 Thymol 38.2 37.0 29.0
1297 1296 Carvacrol 38.3 39.9 38.3
1305 1309 4-Vinylguaiacol --- --- 0.1
1306 1306 iso-Ascaridole tr tr ---
1342 1345 Thymyl acetate 0.3 0.2 0.3
1347 1356 Eugenol tr --- 0.3
1361 1365 Carvacryl acetate 0.8 0.5 1.0
1372 1375 α-Copaene tr 100:0 tr 0.1 100:0
1380 1382 β-Bourbonene tr tr 0.1
1389 1392 (Z)-Jasmone tr tr tr
1398 1398 Cyperene --- --- 0.2
1404 1408 Decyl acetate tr --- ---
1415 1417 (E)-β-Caryophyllene 0.3 100:0 0.4 100:0 0.5 100:0
1426 1430 β-Copaene tr tr tr
1451 1453 α-Humulene tr tr tr
1457 1457 Rotundene --- --- 0.1
1471 1475 γ-Muurolene tr 0.1 0.1
1473 1481 (E)-β-Ionone --- --- tr
1477 1480 Germacrene D 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.1
1481 1485 γ-Thujaplicin tr --- 0.1
1483 1489 β-Selinene tr --- ---
1487 1490 γ-Amorphene tr --- ---
1491 1497 α-Selinene tr tr 0.1
1494 1497 α-Muurolene tr tr tr
1509 1512 γ-Cadinene tr tr 0.1
1514 1518 δ-Cadinene 0.1 0.1 0.1 0:100
1548 1549 Thymohydroquinone 0.3 0.1 0.1
1577 1577 Caryophyllene oxide tr 0.1 0.1
1649 1655 α-Cadinol --- --- 0.1
1689 1691 Cyperotundone --- --- 0.2
1835 1841 Phytone --- --- 0.1
Monoterpene hydrocarbons 14.3 10.2 9.6
Oxygenated monoterpenoids 84.0 86.3 86.0
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 0.5 0.7 1.4
Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids tr 0.1 0.4
Benzenoid aromatics tr 1.5 0.8
Others 1.0 1.2 1.2
Total identified 99.8 99.8 99.3

RIcalc = Retention indices determined with respect to a homologous series of n-alkanes on a ZB-5ms column. RIdb = Retention indices from the databases [7,8,9,10]. #1 = Plant sample #1. #2 = Plant sample #2. --- = Not observed. ED = Enantiomeric distribution (dextrorotatory enantiomer: levorotatory enantiomer). tr = Trace (< 0.05%).