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. 2021 Mar 4;10(3):482. doi: 10.3390/plants10030482

Table 2.

Chemical composition of Monarda fistulosa essential oils cultivated in south Alabama.

Aerial Parts Essential Oil
RIcalc RIdb Compound #1, % ED, (+):(−) #2, % ED, (+):(−) #3, % ED, (+):(−)
923 925 α-Thujene 1.2 72.5:27.5 0.8 72.8:27.2 0.9 71.2:28.8
930 932 α-Pinene 0.5 59.2:40.8 0.3 63.8:36.2 0.5 61.0:39.0
947 950 Camphene 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.2 100:0
971 971 Sabinene 0.2 58.4:41.6 tr 0.2 59.0:41.0
973 973 1-Octen-3-one --- --- 0.1
975 978 β-Pinene 0.2 57.3:42.7 --- 0.2 57.9:42.1
978 978 1-Octen-3-ol 3.0 3.3 3.3
982 984 3-Octanone tr 0.1 0.1
987 989 Myrcene tr 0.3 0.1
995 996 3-Octanol tr 0.1 0.1
1004 1004 p-Mentha-1(7),8-diene tr tr tr
1006 1006 α-Phellandrene 0.1 95.5:4.5 0.2 95.4:4.6 0.1 93.4:6.6
1008 1008 δ-3-Carene 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0
1016 1017 α-Terpinene 2.1 100:0 2.3 100:0 0.8 100:0
1019 1022 m-Cymene tr tr 0.1
1024 1024 p-Cymene 12.1 10.2 21.9
1025 1026 2-Acetyl-3-methylfuran --- --- 0.5
1029 1030 Limonene 6.1 0.5:99.5 3.7 2.6:97.4 6.3 1.2:98.8
1030 1031 β-Phellandrene 0.2 0:100 0.2 0:100 0.2 0:100
1031 1030 1,8-Cineole 0.1 0.1 0.1
1056 1057 γ-Terpinene tr 0.1 tr
1069 1069 cis-Sabinene hydrate 1.2 95.8:4.2 1.3 96.3:3.7 2.4 96.5:3.5
1078 1079 1-Nonen-3-ol 0.1 0.1 0.1
1084 1086 Terpinolene tr 0.1 tr
1089 1091 p-Cymenene tr tr 0.1
1098 1099 Linalool tr 37.8:62.2 tr 37.5:62.5 tr 37.9:62.1
1099 1099 trans-Sabinene hydrate 0.2 75.9:24.1 0.3 75.0:25.0 0.5 75.3:24.7
1103 1107 Nonanal tr --- tr
1115 1112 (E)-2,4-Dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal --- --- 0.2
1121 1121 trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol tr tr 0.3
1123 1124 cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol tr tr tr
1130 1132 cis-Limonene oxide tr --- 0.1
1133 1135 2-Vinylanisole 0.1 tr tr
1134 1137 cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol --- --- 0.3
1135 1138 trans-Limonene oxide tr --- ---
1137 1138 trans-Sabinol --- --- tr
1138 1140 trans-Pinocarveol --- --- 0.1
1139 1141 cis-Verbenol --- --- tr
1143 1145 trans-Verbenol --- --- 0.3
1144 1145 Camphor --- --- tr
1160 1164 Pinocarvone --- --- tr
1161 1162 (Z)-iso-Citral --- --- tr
1167 1168 trans-Phellandrene epoxide --- --- 0.1
1170 1170 Borneol 0.5 0:100 0.2 0:100 0.7 0:100
1179 1180 Terpinen-4-ol 0.4 63.3:36.7 0.5 63.2:36.8 0.5
1186 1186 p-Cymen-8-ol 0.1 tr 0.6
1195 1195 α-Terpineol 0.3 100:0 0.2 100:0 0.3
1197 1198 Methylchavicol (= Estragole) --- 0.1 0.1
1197 1198 cis-Piperitol --- --- 0.2
1217 1218 trans-Carveol --- --- 0.2
1231 1232 cis-Carveol --- --- 0.1
1240 1242 Cuminaldehyde --- --- 0.1
1241 1242 Carvone --- --- 0.3
1250 1241 Pulegone --- 0.2 ---
1252 1252 Thymoquinone 8.4 2.3 41.3
1281 1282 Bornyl acetate --- --- 0.1
1284 1286 Cogeijerene 0.1 --- ---
1291 1291 p-Cymen-7-ol tr --- 0.2
1295 1293 Thymol 54.3 62.2 8.9
1300 1300 Carvacrol 5.9 6.6 1.6
1307 1306 iso-Ascaridole tr tr 0.1
1345 1346 α-Cubebene tr tr tr
1351 1356 Eugenol tr tr ---
1373 1375 α-Copaene 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0 0.1 100:0
1382 1382 β-Bourbonene 0.1 0.1 0.1
1387 1387 trans-β-Elemene tr tr 0.1
1418 1419 β-Ylangene tr 0.1
1419 1417 (E)-β-Caryophyllene 0.3 100:0 0.3 100:0 0.2 100:0
1427 1430 β-Copaene 0.1 0.1 0.1
1452 1453 α-Humulene tr tr tr
1473 1475 γ-Muurolene 0.1 0.2 0.1
1479 1479 α-Amorphene --- tr ---
1480 1483 trans-β-Bergamotene 0.1 --- 0.1
1481 1480 Germacrene D 0.7 100:0 0.6 100:0 0.6 100:0
1484 1485 γ-Thujaplicin 0.4 0.2 1.3
1488 1490 γ-Amorphene tr --- ---
1491 1492 β-Selinene 0.1 0.1 0.1
1493 1492 trans-Muurola-4(14),5-diene --- 0.1 ---
1496 1497 epi-Cubebol --- tr ---
1497 1497 α-Selinene --- 0.1 ---
1498 1497 α-Muurolene tr 0.1 tr
1510 1512 γ-Cadinene 0.1 0.2 0.1
1511 1515 Cubebol tr --- ---
1517 1518 δ-Cadinene 0.1 0.3 0.1
1518 1519 trans-Calamenene tr tr ---
1520 1523 β-Sesquiphellandrene tr --- ---
1537 1538 α-Cadinene tr tr ---
1542 1541 α-Calacorene tr tr ---
1543 1546 α-Elemol tr --- ---
1548 1554 Thymohydroquinone 0.6 1.6 0.6
1558 1565 Eugenyl acetate tr tr tr
1559 1557 Germacrene B tr --- ---
1580 1577 Caryophyllene oxide tr tr 0.1
1638 1639 cis-Guaia-3,9-dien-11-ol 0.1 0.1 ---
1651 1655 α-Cadinol tr 0.1 tr
Monoterpene hydrocarbons 22.8 18.3 31.4
Oxygenated monoterpenoids 72.2 75.7 61.2
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 1.7 2.2 1.7
Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids 0.1 0.1 0.1
Benzenoid aromatics 0.1 0.1 0.1
Others 3.1 3.6 4.3
Total identified 100.0 100.0 98.7

RIcalc = Retention indices determined with respect to a homologous series of n-alkanes on a ZB-5ms column. RIdb = Retention indices from the databases [7,8,9,10]. #1 = Plant sample #1. #2 = Plant sample #2. #3 = Plant sample #3. --- = Not observed. ED = Enantiomeric distribution (dextrorotatory enantiomer: levorotatory enantiomer). tr = Trace (<0.05%).