Table 3.
Chemical composition of Monarda punctata essential oils growing wild in south Alabama.
| Aerial Parts Essential Oil | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIcalc | RIdb | Compound | #1, % | ED, (+):(−) | #2, % | ED, (+):(−) |
| 923 | 925 | α-Thujene | 0.1 | 100:0 | 0.7 | 68.5:31.5 |
| 930 | 932 | α-Pinene | tr | 0.2 | 83.8:16.2 | |
| 945 | 950 | Camphene | --- | 0.1 | 100:0 | |
| 957 | 959 | Benzaldehyde | --- | tr | ||
| 970 | 971 | Sabinene | tr | tr | ||
| 974 | 978 | β-Pinene | tr | 0.1 | 62.7:37.3 | |
| 975 | 974 | 1-Octen-3-ol | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||
| 980 | 983 | 3-Octanone | --- | tr | ||
| 986 | 989 | Myrcene | 0.3 | 1.1 | ||
| 995 | 996 | 3-Octanol | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| 1001 | 1004 | p-Mentha-1(7),8-diene | --- | tr | ||
| 1004 | 1006 | α-Phellandrene | 0.1 | 100:0 | 0.2 | 94.6:5.4 |
| 1006 | 1008 | δ-3-Carene | tr | 0.1 | 100:0 | |
| 1014 | 1017 | α-Terpinene | 1.3 | 100:0 | 3.0 | 100:0 |
| 1016 | 1022 | m-Cymene | --- | tr | ||
| 1024 | 1024 | p-Cymene | 15.3 | 19.8 | ||
| 1025 | 1026 | 2-Acetyl-3-methylfuran | --- | tr | ||
| 1026 | 1030 | Limonene | 0.4 | 50.2:49.8 | 0.5 | 0:100 |
| 1027 | 1029 | β-Phellandrene | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0:100 | |
| 1028 | 1030 | 1,8-Cineole | 0.4 | 0.1 | ||
| 1039 | 1043 | Phenylacetaldehyde | --- | tr | ||
| 1055 | 1057 | γ-Terpinene | 2.0 | 9.7 | ||
| 1066 | 1069 | cis-Sabinene hydrate | 0.6 | 100:0 | 0.7 | 97.9:2.1 |
| 1076 | 1079 | 1-Nonen-3-ol | --- | tr | ||
| 1082 | 1086 | Terpinolene | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| 1087 | 1091 | p-Cymenene | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||
| 1095 | 1099 | Linalool | --- | tr | 70.1:29.9 | |
| 1098 | 1101 | trans-Sabinene hydrate | 0.2 | 100:0 | 0.1 | 83.2:16.8 |
| 1100 | 1104 | Nonanal | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1104 | 1107 | 1-Octen-3-yl acetate | 0.2 | 0.4 | ||
| 1145 | 1145 | trans-Verbenol | --- | tr | ||
| 1161 | 1158 | Menthone | 0.3 | --- | ||
| 1168 | 1170 | Borneol | 0.1 | 0:100 | tr | 0:100 |
| 1177 | 1180 | Terpinen-4-ol | 0.8 | 58.7:41.3 | 0.6 | 66.1:33.9 |
| 1182 | 1183 | m-Cymen-8-ol | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1184 | 1186 | p-Cymen-8-ol | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||
| 1191 | 1197 | Methyl chavicol (= Estragole) | 0.8 | --- | ||
| 1193 | 1195 | α-Terpineol | --- | 0.1 | 100:0 | |
| 1202 | 1206 | Decanal | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1224 | 1224 | Thymol methyl ether | --- | tr | ||
| 1235 | 1238 | Carvacrol methyl ether | 1.1 | 1.0 | ||
| 1239 | 1242 | Cumin aldehyde | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1247 | 1250 | Thymoquinone | 2.0 | 0.2 | ||
| 1289 | 1289 | Thymol | 61.8 | 47.9 | ||
| 1293 | 1291 | p-Cymen-7-ol | --- | 0.2 | ||
| 1296 | 1296 | Carvacrol | 4.5 | 4.1 | ||
| 1306 | 1309 | 4-Vinylguaicol | --- | tr | ||
| 1347 | 1356 | Eugenol | 0.7 | 0.3 | ||
| 1370 | 1375 | α-Copaene | --- | tr | ||
| 1378 | 1382 | β-Bourbonene | --- | tr | ||
| 1384 | 1390 | trans-β-Elemene | --- | tr | ||
| 1415 | 1417 | (E)-β-Caryophyllene | 1.6 | 100:0 | 1.2 | 100:0 |
| 1424 | 1430 | β-Copaene | --- | tr | ||
| 1427 | 1430 | trans-α-Bergamotene | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| 1449 | 1453 | α-Humulene | --- | tr | ||
| 1469 | 1475 | γ-Muurolene | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1476 | 1480 | Germacrene D | 0.7 | 100:0 | 0.4 | 100:0 |
| 1479 | 1483 | trans-β-Bergamotene | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
| 1480 | 1485 | γ-Thujaplicin | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1482 | 1489 | β-Selinene | --- | tr | ||
| 1489 | 1492 | α-Selinene | --- | tr | ||
| 1492 | 1497 | α-Muurolene | --- | tr | ||
| 1506 | 1512 | γ-Cadinene | --- | tr | ||
| 1512 | 1518 | δ-Cadinene | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1517 | 1523 | β-Sesquiphellandrene | --- | 0.1 | ||
| 1546 | 1549 | Thymohydroquinone | 0.3 | 2.5 | ||
| 1576 | 1577 | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
| 1633 | 1639 | cis-Guaia-3,9-dien-11-ol | 0.2 | 0.1 | ||
| 1648 | 1655 | α-Cadinol | --- | tr | ||
| 1834 | 1841 | Phytone | --- | tr | ||
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 19.9 | 35.7 | ||||
| Oxygenated monoterpenoids | 72.5 | 58.3 | ||||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 3.7 | 2.7 | ||||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpenoids | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||||
| Benzenoid aromatics | 1.5 | 0.3 | ||||
| Others | 2.1 | 2.4 | ||||
| Total identified | 100.0 | 99.8 | ||||
RIcalc = Retention indices determined with respect to a homologous series of n-alkanes on a ZB-5ms column. RIdb = Retention indices from the databases [7,8,9,10]. #1 = Plant sample #1. #2 = Plant sample #2. --- = Not observed. ED = Enantiomeric distribution (dextrorotatory enantiomer: levorotatory enantiomer). tr = Trace (<0.05%).