Table 2.
Cross dependence (CD) test results by European group.
| Cross Dependence Test | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Europe 27 | Europe 15 | Europe 12 | |
| GHG pc/Area | 48.36 *** | 27.78 *** | 22.64 *** |
| CO2 pc/Area | 47.23 *** | 26.75 *** | 19.73 *** |
| CH4 pc/Area | 46.28 *** | 23.92 *** | 21.34 *** |
| N2O pc/Area | 34.38 *** | 17.42 *** | 16.30 *** |
| GDP pc/Area | 43.43 *** | 21.21 *** | 20.92 *** |
| GDPpc^2/Area | 15.37 *** | 3.24 *** | 11.95 *** |
| Edu pc/Area | 10.27 *** | 23.34 *** | −1.24 |
| Euse pc/Area | 40.36 *** | 22.15 *** | 17.20 *** |
| Elect pc/Area | 35.40 *** | 26.53 *** | 9.09 *** |
Notes: *** represents statistically significant at 1%, respectively. The volume of emissions of carbon per capita (CO2), emissions of methanol per capita (CH4), and emissions of nitrous oxide per capita (N2O).