. 2021 Mar 12;18(6):2907. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062907

Table 7.

DFE, DOLS, and FMOLS results for the total sample (EU-27), subsample 1 (EU-15), subsample 2 (EU-12) regarding Equation (3).

Dependent: CH₄	Total Sample (EU 27)			Subsample 1 (EU 15)			Subsample 2 (EU 12)
Independent	DFE	DOLS	FMOLS	DFE	DOLS	FMOLS	DFE	DOLS	FMOLS
D.L. GDPpc	−0.8881 ***	−0.9936 ***	−0.8172 ***	−0.9583 ***	−0.8943 ***	−0.8508 ***	−0.8881 ***	1.2386 ***	−0.7725 ***
D.L. GDPpc²	0.0170 **	0.0122	0.0166 *	−0.0004	−0.0029	0.0211	0.0170 **	−0.0312 **	0.0201
D.L. LEdu	−0.4560	0.8758 **	0.1231	0.5373 ***	0.3043	0.6988 ***	−0.4560	2.3745 ***	−0.4090 **
D.L. Euse	0.1572 **	0.2553 **	0.1204 ***	−0.0144	0.3353	0.0629	0.1572 **	−0.3453	0.1820 ***
D.L. Elect	0.0567 **	0.0457	0.0267 **	0.0080	−0.0395	0.0036	0.0567 **	−0.0436	0.0568 ***
Constant	−9.1797 **	0.0584	0.0801 **	−1.0121	0.3786 ***	0.2480 ***	−9.1797	−0.5936 *	0.2453
ECT	−0.2945 ***			−0.1101 ***			−0.2945 ***
L. GDPpc (−1)	−1.5085 ***	−0.0022	−0.0139 ***	−1.5118 ***	0.0152 *	0.0032	−1.5085 ***	−0.0125	0.0246 ***
L. GDPpc² (−1)	−0.0674 **	−0.0006	−0.0007 **	−0.0108	0.0018 **	0.0008	−0.0674 **	−0.0024 **	−0.0094 **
L. Ledu (−1)	0.2964	0.0183 *	0.0208 **	1.9607 **	−0.0610 **	−0.0257 *	0.2964	0.1118 ***	0.0271
L. Euse (−1)	−0.2487	−0.0253 ***	−0.0198 ***	−0.8382	0.0136	−0.0019	−0.2487	−0.0724 ***	−0.0252 *
L. Elect (−1)	0.0772	0.0002	0.0047 **	0.1435	−0.0004	−0.0023	0.0772	−0.0080	0.0073
Observations		270	269		150	149		120	119
R²		0.8480	0.7763		0.9386	0.8634		0.9034	0.7567

Notes: *, **, *** mean that values are statistically significant at 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively. D.L.—Differenced Lagged; —Lagged; ECT—Error Correction Term; Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE); Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS); Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS). The rest of the variables’ acronyms were defined in Table 1. Estimations of Equation (3).