Table 1.
Overview of transplacental transfer of anticancer agents.
| EXPERIMENTAL MODELS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ANTICANCER AGENTS | In Vivo Data on Animal Models | Ex Vivo Human Data (Human Perfused Cotyledon Model) | In Vivo Human Data |
| Antimetabolite agents | |||
| Fluorouracil | Rat model: Related fetal exposure = 28.7% [61] | No data | No data |
| Antimitotiques agents | |||
| Vinca alcaloïds | |||
| Vinblastine | Mouse model: FTR = 13.8% [62] Baboon model: FTR = 18.5% [63] |
No data | No data |
| Vincristine | No data | No data | No data |
| Taxanes | |||
| Paclitaxel | Mouse model: No evidence of placental transfer [62] Baboon model: FTR = 1.5%, detectable in fetal tissues [64] |
FTR = 1.72% to 7% [65,66,67,68,69] | Detected in neonate’s meconium (399.9 pg/mg) [70] |
| Docetaxel | Baboon model: Undectectbable in fetal blood, detected on fetal tissues [64] | FTR = 4% [68] | No data |
| Alkylating agents | |||
| Cyclophosphamide | Baboon model: FTR = 25% [63] | No data | Detected in AF: 25% of maternal plasma level 1h after injection [71] |
| Dacarbazine | No data | No data | No data |
| Platinum derivatives | |||
| Cisplatin | Mouse model: FTR gestational age-dependent [72] Pata monkeys/rats models: Detected in fetal and neonate’s tissues [73,74] |
FTR = 9% [75] | Detected in cord blood (23–65% of MC), AF (10–42% of MC), and placental tissues [76,77] |
| Carboplatin | Mouse model: FTR = 117% [62] Baboon model: FTR = 57.5% [63] |
FTR = 4–13% [78,79] | Detected in cord blood, AF, and placental tissues [15,77,80,81,82,83] |
| Oxaliplatin | No data | No data | No data |
| Topoisomerase inhibitors | |||
| Etoposide | Mouse model: Induced apoptosis in trophoblasts [84] | No data | No data |
| Anthracyclines | |||
| Doxorubicin | No data | FTR of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin = 12%/FTR of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin = 0% [85] | Undetectable in cord blood, AF, or placenta at delivery [86,87,88] Detectable in fetal organs [88,89,90,91] |
| Epirubicin | No data | No data | No data |
| Irinotecan | No data | No data | No data |
| Other DNA modifying agent | |||
| Bleomycin | No data | No data | No data |
| Monoclonal antibodies | |||
| Bevacizumab | Rat model: Detectable in the embryo at day 13 [92] | No data | No data |
| Cetuximab | No data | No data | No data |
| Ipilimumab | No data | No data | No data |
| Trastuzumab | Pregnant baboons: FTR = 85% after 2 h and detected in AF (36.4% of the fetal plasma concentration after 26h) [64] | No data | No data |
| Protein kinase inhibitors | |||
| Gefitinib | No data | FTR = 16.8 % [57] | Detected in cord blood (25.7 ng/mL) and AF (16.9 ng/mL) = 20% of MC [93] |
| Erlotinib | No data | FTR = 31.4 % [57] | No data |
| Osimertinib | No data | No data | No data |
| Vemurafenib | No data | No data | Detected in cord blood (10.9 µg/mL) = 50% of MC [40] |
| Crizotinib | No data | FTR < 6% [94] | No data |
Abbreviations: FTR = fetal transfer rate, AF = amniotic fluid, MC = maternal blood concentration.