Anterior leaflet crystal locations and mesh triangulation of a the original mesh with region designation (Arabic numerals) used in Table 3 and marker designations (Roman numerals) used in Fig. 3, b the smoothed, subdivided surfaces. Subsequently, we refer to regions 4 and 5, which are defined solely by 1-mm crystals, as leaflet “belly” and “free edge”, respectively. We computed the leaflet surfaces of Levels 1–4 by combining a subdivision surface algorithm with an iterative optimization scheme to ensure that the smoothened surfaces interpolate the original crystal locations