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The BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway. The BH3-only proteins trigger the apoptotic cascade by either binding the BCL-2-like pro-survival proteins, displacing the BAX/BAK-like proteins, or alternatively in the case of certain members (e.g., BIM, BID, PUMA), by directly engaging and activating BAX/BAK. These events lead to BAX/BAK oligomerization followed by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation, caspase activation and death. Figure created with Biorender.com.
