Table 5.
Effect of hypertension and hypertension-related conditions on severe outcomes 1 among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
| Chronic Condition Evaluated | Crude Analysis | Partial-Adjusted Analysis 2 | Fully-Adjusted Analysis 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | p-Value | RR (95% CI) | p-Value | RR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Severe cases | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.98 (1.48–2.67) | <0.001 | 1.31 (0.96–1.79) | 0.092 | 1.19 (0.86–1.65) | 0.298 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.99 (1.44–2.76) | <0.001 | 1.20 (0.84–1.72) | 0.321 | 1.14 (0.79–1.65) | 0.474 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2.30 (1.38–3.85) | 0.002 | 1.34 (0.78–2.30) | 0.289 | 1.26 (0.73–2.18) | 0.407 |
| Chronic renal disease | 2.07 (1.37–3.12) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.78–1.87) | 0.392 | 1.13 (0.73–1.76) | 0.581 |
| ICU admission | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1.70 (1.18–2.45) | 0.004 | 1.42 (0.96–2.10) | 0.077 | 1.42 (0.94–2.13) | 0.095 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.33 (0.85–2.06) | 0.210 | 1.07 (0.66–1.72) | 0.790 | 1.05 (0.64–1.70) | 0.856 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.03 (0.42–2.52) | 0.951 | 0.91 (0.36–2.30) | 0.850 | 0.87 (0.34–2.23) | 0.778 |
| Chronic renal disease | 1.07 (0.56–2.04) | 0.842 | 0.86 (0.44–1.69) | 0.662 | 0.82 (0.41–1.62) | 0.565 |
| Exitus | ||||||
| Hypertension | 2.78 (1.86–4.16) | <0.001 | 1.38 (0.91–2.09) | 0.131 | 1.15 (0.75–1.79) | 0.518 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3.58 (2.39–5.35) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.21–2.81) | 0.005 | 1.45 (0.92–2.30) | 0.111 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4.55 (2.66–7.78) | <0.001 | 2.23 (1.27–3.91) | 0.005 | 1.80 (1.00–3.23) | 0.049 |
| Chronic renal disease | 3.16 (1.95–5.12) | <0.001 | 1.51 (0.92–2.50) | 0.105 | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | 0.714 |
1 Severe outcomes include patients who were admitted to intensive care unit or died. 2 Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics: sex, age, country of origin, municipality population and annual taxable income level. 3 Additionally adjusted for health-related characteristics: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, primary health care visits in prior 12 months, hospitalization in prior 12 months, smoking status, and other major chronic conditions. RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit.