. 2021 Mar 8;9(3):558. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9030558

Table 5.

Effects of dual-purpose inoculants on rumen fermentation indices of corn silage incubated with rumen buffer for 72 h.

Item ¹	Treatment ²				SEM	p-Value
Item ¹	CON	5M	6M	MIX	SEM	p-Value
pH	6.32 ^a	6.28 ^b	6.26 ^b	6.25 ^b	0.014	0.004
Ammonia-N, mg/dL	35.0	35.2	34.3	33.4	1.310	0.318
Total VFA, mM/L	138.6 ^b	143.0 ^b	147.2 ^b	161.0 ^a	4.668	0.001
Acetate, % molar	57.8	57.7	58.6	58.4	0.552	0.089
Propionate, % molar	22.0 ^a	21.3 ^a,b	20.2 ^b	20.1 ^b	0.654	0.004
Iso-butyrate, % molar	1.25	1.35	1.34	1.29	0.130	0.688
Butyrate, % molar	14.6 ^b	14.8 ^b	15.3 ^a,b	15.7 ^a	0.337	0.004
Iso-valerate, % molar	2.74 ^b	3.20 ^a	3.08 ^a,b	3.03 ^a	0.181	0.022
Valerate, % molar	1.56	1.63	1.49	1.44	0.221	0.629
Acetate: propionate	2.63 ^b	2.70 ^a,b	2.90 ^a	2.91 ^a	0.116	0.009

^a,b: Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly (p < 0.05). ¹: VFA, volatile fatty acid. ²: CON, corn silage applied without inoculant; 5M, corn silage applied with Lactobacillus brevis 5M2; 6M, corn silage applied with Lactobacillus buchneri 6M1; MIX, corn silage applied with the mixture of L. brevis 5M2 and L. buchneri 6M1 at 1:1 ratio.