Table 2.

List of RNAs and RBPs whose localization and /or local translation is proven or suggested to be linked to neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ASD, Autism spectrum disorder; DS, Down syndrome; FTD, Frontotemporal dementia; FXS, Fragile X syndrome; HD, Huntington’s disease; MS, Multiple sclerosis; SMA; Spinal muscular atrophy. Others include stroke, dementia, intellectual disabilities and neurodevelopmental disorders. N, neurons; A, astrocytes; R, radial glia; O, oligodendrites. N¹ refers to significantly changed transcripts in Aβ-treated axons vs. controls that have not been further referred to in the literature and are thus not included in Figure 2. MS² includes MS and demyelination.

List of mRNAs/microRNAs Localized to Subcellular Compartments in Neurons and Glia and Implicated in Diseases
Transcript	Disease	Cell Type	References
Actb	SMA, HTT	N	[13,73,75]
Aldoc	AD	N1, A	[14,111,130]
Anxa2	SMA	N	[11]
Apc	FXS	R	[158]
ApoE	AD	N	[6,14]
App	AD	N	[6,14]
Aqp4	AD, MS, other	N1, A	[14,131,145,150]
Arc	FXS	N	[79,80]
Atf4	AD	N	[14]
Bdnf	HTT, DS, other	N	[59,86]
Bin1	AD	N	[6,14]
Camk2a	FXS	N	[79,80]
Campsap2	FXS	R	[156]
Ccdn2	FXS, other	R	[156,159]
Celf1	AD	N	[6,14]
Clu	AD	N, A	[6,14,111,130]
Cnp	GGT	O	[117]
Cox4i2	SMA	N	[11]
Dlg4	FXS	N	[79,80]
Dscam	DS	N	[59,87]
Dst	FXS	R	[156]
Eef2	AD	N1, A	[14,111,130]
Fads1	AD	N1, A	[14,111,130]
Fermt2	AD	N	[6,14]
Fmrp (Fmr1)	FXS	N	[79,80]
Fth1	other	A	[141]
Ftl1	other	A	[141]
Gap43	SMA	N	[13]
Gfap	AD	N1, A	[6,14,111,130,131,139]
Gja1	AD, MS	N1, A	[14,131,145]
Glt1	ALS, FXS	A	[124,143,144]
Gpm6b	AD	N1, A	[14,131]
Kpnb	TNI	N	[56]
Kcnj10	HTT	A	[142]
Ki26a	FXS	R	[156]
Lrp1	AD	N1, A	[14,111,130]
Mag	GGT	O	[117]
Mal	GGT	O	[117]
Mapb1	ALS, FXS	N	[8,79,80]
Mapt	AD, GGT	N, O	[16,17,117]
Mbp	ALS, MS2, AD, GGT, FXS	O	[107,110,111,113,117,122,123]
miR-183	SMA	N	[12]
Mlc1	AD	N1, A	[14,131]
Mobp	GGT	O	[117]
Mog	GGT	O	[117]
mTor	TNI, SMA, ASD, DS	N	[12,25,84,85,86]
Nrn1	SMA	N	[13]
Picalm	AD	N	[6,14]
Plp1	GGT	O	[117]
Pparg	TNI	N	[55]
Ptk2	AD	N	[6,14]
Ptpn11	FXS	R	[156]
Sorl1	AD	N	[6,14]
Stat3	TNI	N	[54]
Timp3	AD	N1, A	[14,111,130]
Vash1	FXS	R	[156]
Vim	AD	N, A	[14,15,111,130]
Ago2	HD	N	[73,74,75]
FMRP	FXS	N, O, A, R	[79,80,122,133,143,144,156]
FUS	FTD	N	[8,9,59]
hnRNP A/B	AD, ALS	N, O	[67,68,105,106,107,161]
HTT	HD	N	[73,74,75]
QKI	MS, ALS, AD	O, A	[110,111,136,140,162]
RBPMS	TNI	N	[57]
SMN	SMA	N	[13]
TDP-43	ALS, FTD	N, A	[8,9,59,124]