| hESC | Human embryonic stem cell |
| hiPSC | Human-induced pluripotent stem cells |
| TERC | telomerase RNA component |
| TERT | telomerase reverse transcriptase |
| CpG | Cytosines followed by guanine residues |
| 5mC | 5-methylcytosine |
| HIF1 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 |
| CTCF | CCCTC-binding factor |
| DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
| HAT | Histone acetyltransferase |
| HDAC | Histone deacetylase |
| SMYD3 | SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 |
| H3K4 | Lysine 4 on histone 3 |
| miRNA | MicroRNA |
| TRAP | Telomeric repeat amplification protocol |
| EBs | Embryoid bodies |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| TERRA | Telomere repeat-containing RNA |
| TRF2 | Telomeric repeat-binding factors 2 |
| ALT | Alternative lengthening of telomeres |
| UTSS | Upstream of the transcription start site |
| THOR | TERT hypermethylated oncological region |
| Tet1 | Ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 |
| SP1 | Specificity Protein |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor κB |
| STAT3 | Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 |
| Pax | Paired Box Proteins |
| ER | Oestrogen Receptor |
| WT | Wilms’ tumour 1 suppressor |