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. 2021 Mar 7;13(3):873. doi: 10.3390/nu13030873

Table 2.

Sum score and prevalence of athletes at risk for each section and total Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q).

Whole Sample (n = 207) Female(n = 83) Male (n = 124) p
Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD) n (%) Mean (SD) n (%)
Injury section 3.0 (2.2) N/a 3.1 (2.2) 46 (55.6) 2.9 (2.2) N/a 0.395
Gastrointestinal section 3.9 (1.9) N/a 3.5 (2.1) 62 (74.7) 4.1 (1.7) N/a 0.038
Menstrual function and contraceptive use section N/a N/a 5.4 (3.2) 59 (71.1) N/a N/a N/a
Total N/a 133 (64.3) 12.0 (4.4) 66 (79.5) 7.0 (2.9) 67 (54.0) <0.001

SD: Standard deviation.; n (%): Number and percentage of athletes identified as being at risk: injury risk score ≥ 2 (only for female athletes), Gastrointestinal risk score ≥ 2 (only for female athletes), Menstrual function and contraceptive use section risk score ≥ 4 (only for female athletes), Total score (i.e., risk of low energy availability) risk score ≥ 8 or ≥ 7 for female or male athletes, respectively; p: Level of significance of the difference between sex with the independent t-test for variables with normal distribution (i.e., total score) or the Mann–Whitney test for variables without normal distribution (i.e., injury section score and gastrointestinal section score); N/a: Not applicable. Range scores for whole sample were 1.0 to 8.0 for the injury section and 0.0 to 9.0 for the gastrointestinal section. Range scores for female athletes were 1.0 to 8.0 for the injury section, 0.0 to 9.0 for the gastrointestinal section, 0.0 to 11.0 for the contraceptive and menstrual function section, and 3.0 to 21.0 for the total score. Range scores for male athletes were 1.0 to 8.0 for the injury section, 0.0 to 7.0 for the gastrointestinal section, and 1.0 to 14.0 for the total score. Significance set at p < 0.050.