| AIC | Akaike Information Criterion |
| aLRT-SH | Approximate likelihood Shimodaira-Hasegawa statistical support |
| BEAST | Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| D614G | Replacement of aspartic acid by glycine at position 614 of the spike glycoprotein |
| del | Deletion |
| E484K | Replacement of glutamic acid by lysine at position 484 of the spike glycoprotein |
| ESS | Effective sample size |
| GISAID | The global science initiative and primary source for genomic data of influenza viruses |
| K417N | Replacement of lysine by asparagine at position 417 of the spike glycoprotein |
| MCC | Maximum clade credibility |
| MCMC | Markov chain Monte Carlo |
| ML | Maximum likelihood |
| N501Y | Replacement of asparagine by tyrosine at position 501 of the spike glycoprotein |
| Ne | Effective population size |
| ORF | Open reading frame |
| P681H | Replacement of proline by histidine at position 681 of the spike glycoprotein |
| PROVEAN | Protein Variation Effect Analyzer tool |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| S | Spike gene of SARS-CoV-2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| tMRCA | Time to the most recent common ancestor |
| UK | United Kingdom |