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. 2021 Mar 9;10(3):205. doi: 10.3390/biology10030205

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced barrier dysfunction. (a) Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values were assessed and are presented as a percentage of control (time point 0), following stimulation on the basolateral side of the membrane with the combination of TNF-α/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL), and on the apical side with acetate (ace), propionate (pro), butyrate (but), or succinate (suc) (2 mM). (b) The concentration-dependent effect of butyrate on the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced barrier dysfunction. **** p < 0.0001 compared to medium-treated control; ^## p < 0.01 compared to the TNF-α/IFN-γ group; ^#### p < 0.0001 compared to TNF-α/IFN-γ group.