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. 2021 Mar 9;10(3):205. doi: 10.3390/biology10030205

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of TNF-α/IFN-γ and IL-13 on leak pathway permeability. FD4 permeability was assessed and is presented as a percentage of control (time point 0) following stimulation on the basolateral side of the membrane with the combination of (a) TNF-α/IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) or (c) IL-13 (10 ng/mL) and on the apical side with or without butyrate (2 mM). ZO-1 distribution was assessed after stimulation with (b) TNF-α/IFN-γ or (d) IL-13 with or without butyrate by immunofluorescence staining. * p < 0.01 compared to medium-treated control.