| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
| DSS | Sodium trimethylsilylpropanesulfonate |
| FID | Free-induction decay |
| LASSO | Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator |
| MHz | Megahertz |
| pH | Potential of hydrogen |
| MS | Mass spectrometry |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| ppm | Parts-per-million |
| ROI | Region of interest |
| TMS | Tetramethylsilane |
| TSP | Trimethylsilylpropanoic acid |