Table 2.
Antimutagenic activity. Antimutagenic activity of hydroalcoholic and chloroform extracts of ICB and PCB samples (10, 50, 100 μg/mL) in TA98 and TA100 strains after co-incubation with standard mutagens, respectively 2-nitrofluoren (2-NF, 2.5 and 10 μg/mL) and sodium azide (SOD, 5 and 20 μg/mL). Results (coming from three independent experiments) are expressed as mean of revertants/plates ± SD and as mean of inhibition rates % ± SD. Significant difference for ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 (Dunnett’s test) was calculated comparing extracts co-treated with standard mutagens to single standard mutagens.
| Treatment [μg/mL] |
TA98 Revertants/Plate (Mean ± SD) |
Inhibition Rate (% Mean ± SD) |
TA100 Revertants/Plate (Mean ± SD) |
Inhibition Rate (% Mean ± SD) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-NF 3 2.5 μg/mL |
2-NF 10 μg/mL |
2-NF 2.5 μg/mL |
2-NF 10 μg/mL |
SOD 4 5 μg/mL |
SOD 20 μg/mL |
SOD 5 μg/mL |
SOD 20 μg/mL |
||
| NC 1 | 69 ± 7 | - | - | 232 ± 0 | - | - | |||
| M 2 | 157 ± 8 | 646 ± 1 | - | - | 471 ± 9 | 1075 ± 7 | - | - | |
| ICBhA | 10 | 39 ± 7 *** | 391 ± 78 ** | 75 ± 3 b | 39 ± 12 a | 119 ± 10 *** | 594 ± 37 *** | 75 ± 2 b | 45 ± 3 b |
| 50 | 27 ± 13 *** | 352 ± 83 ** | 83 ± 7 b | 45 ± 13 b | 183 ± 13 *** | 558 ± 36 *** | 61 ± 3 b | 48 ± 3 b | |
| 100 | 17 ± 4 *** | 217 ± 8 *** | 89 ± 2 b | 66 ± 1 b | 142 ± 31 *** | 530 ± 17 *** | 70 ± 7 b | 51 ± 1 b | |
| ICBO | 10 | 40 ± 0 *** | 267 ± 34 *** | 75 ± 1 b | 59 ± 5 b | 149 ± 1 *** | 636 ± 66 *** | 68 ± 0 b | 41 ± 6 b |
| 50 | 31 ± 6 *** | 246 ± 22 *** | 80 ± 3 b | 62 ± 3 b | 114 ± 0 *** | 621 ± 72 *** | 76 ± 0 b | 42 ± 6 b | |
| 100 | 22 ± 4 *** | 172 ± 15 *** | 86 ± 2 b | 73 ± 2 b | 170 ± 28 *** | 543 ± 18 *** | 64 ± 7 b | 49 ± 1 b | |
| PCBhA | 10 | 35 ± 3 *** | 418 ± 82 ** | 78 ± 1 b | 35 ± 13 a | 143 ± 35 *** | 630 ± 85 *** | 70 ± 7 b | 41 ± 8 b |
| 50 | 29 ± 6 *** | 330 ± 79 *** | 82 ± 3 b | 49 ± 12 b | 150 ± 57 *** | 610 ± 70 *** | 68 ± 11 b | 43 ± 6 b | |
| 100 | 20 ± 3 *** | 169 ± 24 *** | 87 ± 1 b | 74 ± 4 b | 188 ± 11 *** | 544 ± 26 *** | 60 ± 3 b | 49 ± 2 b | |
| PCBO | 10 | 42 ± 11 *** | 417 ± 38 ** | 73 ± 6 b | 35 ± 6 a | 141 ± 10 *** | 638 ± 52 *** | 70 ± 2 b | 41 ± 4 b |
| 50 | 30 ± 8 *** | 367 ± 87 ** | 81 ± 4 b | 43 ± 13 b | 112 ± 1 *** | 586 ± 8 *** | 76 ± 0 b | 46 ± 1 b | |
| 100 | 18 ± 6 *** | 171 ± 16 *** | 89 ± 3 b | 74 ± 2 b | 175 ± 18 *** | 547 ± 35 *** | 63 ± 5 b | 49 ± 4 b | |
1 Negative control; 2 mutagen; 3 2-nitrofluoren; 4 sodium azide; a moderate effect (25–40% inhibition), b Strong antimutagenic effect (>40% inhibition) [17].