FDA	U.S. Food and Drug Administration
CDER	The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
CBER	The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research
WHO	World health organization
mAb	Monoclonal antibody
bsAb	Bispecific antibody
ADC	Antibody drug conjugate
CAR T	Chimeric antigen receptor T cell
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
GPCR	G-protein coupled receptor
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GIP	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
AAV	Adeno-associated virus
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
ON	Oligonucleotide
ASO	Antisense oligonucleotide
siRNA	Short interfering RNA
GalNac	N-acetylgalactosamine
CRISPR	Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
T1D	Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2D	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1c
HSC	Hematopoietic stem cell
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
NF-κB	Nuclear factor -κB
JAK	Janus kinase
STAT	Transducer and activator of transcription
SYK	Spleen tyrosine kinase
TYK2	Tyrosine kinase 2
BTK	Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
AtD	Atopic dermatitis
Th	T helper
PDE4	Phosphodiesterase 4
EASI	Eczema area and severity index
H4R	Histamine H4 receptor
MAdCAM	Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule
S1P	Sphingosine 1-phosphate
CNS	Central nervous system
OA	Osteoarthritis
NSAID	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
COX	Cyclooxygenase
NGF	Nerve growth factor
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
CGRP	Calcitonin gene-related peptide
ND	Neurodegenerative disease
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
PD	Parkinson’s disease
AChEIs	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
DMTs	Disease-modifying treatments