Table 3.
Characteristics of Clinical Studies Using Diphenylcyclopropenone for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata
| Author(s), Year | Study Design | Number of Patients | Age, Years, Range | Type of AA, n | Duration of Therapy, Months | Complete Response, n (%) | Partial Response, n (%) | Relapse Rate, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Happle et al, 198389 | Prospective study | 27 | 15–57 | AT=22, <50% AA=5 | 4–17 | 18 (66.7) | NS | NS |
| Tosti et al, 198676 | Prospective study | 35 | NS | <40% AA=35 | NS | 27 (77) | NS | NS |
| Hull and Norris, 198898 | Prospective study | 28 | 18–56 | NS | 8 | 8 (28.5) | 2 (7.1) | NS |
| Hatzis et al, 198899 | Prospective study | 45 | 9–65 (mean=25.4) | AT/AU=22, other=23 | 5–8 | 11 (24.4) | 6 (13.3) | 6 (35.3) |
| Hull and Cunliffe, 198996 | Observational study | 19 | 11–54 | AT/AU=8, >50% AA=8, <50% AA=3 | 4–17 | 14 (73.6) | 5 (26.3) | 12 (63.2) |
| Monk, 1989100 | Prospective study | 18 | 10–46 (mean=26.9) | AT/AU=14, >50% AA=4 | 2–5 | 6 (33.3) | NS | NS |
| Ashworth et al, 1989101 | Prospective study | 17 | 5–72 | AT=8, AU=9 | At least 7.5 | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | NS |
| Hull and Cunliffe, 1991102 | Prospective study | 78 | NS | AT/AU=45, other=33 | At least 8 | 25 (32) | 24 (30) | NS |
| van der Steen et al, 1991103 | Prospective study | 139 | 2–69 | AT/AU=61, >40% AA=78 | NS | 70 (50.4) | 107 (77) | NS |
| Hull et al, 199193 | Prospective study | 12 | 5–15 (mean=11) | AT/AU=8, other=4 | 5–12 (mean=7.3) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (25) | 5 (71.4) |
| Hoting and Boehm,1992104 | Prospective study | 45 | 14–57 (mean=32) | AT/AU=34, AO=7, >75% AA=4 | 2.5–44 | 9(20) | 14 (31) | 9 (39.1) |
| Gordon et al, 1996105 | Prospective study | 48 | 5–64 | >90% AA=36, >40% AA=10 | 18–36 (mean=30.8) | 18 (37.5) | 9 (18.8) | NS |
| Schuttelaar et al, 1996106 | Prospective study | 25 | 4–15 (mean=10.7) | AT/AU=16, <50% AA=10 | 8–12 (mean=11) | 8 (32) | 3 (12) | 2 (18.2) |
| Pericin and Trueb, 1998107 | Retrospective study | 68 | 13–66 (mean=32) | AU=28, other=40 | 5–64 (mean=15.8) | 21 (30.9) | 27 (39.7) | 13 (27.1) |
| Cotellessa et al, 2001108 | Prospective study | 52 | 18–50 (mean=23) | AT/AU=42, PA=14 | 6–12 | 25 (48) | 11 (21) | 10 (27.8) |
| Wiseman et al, 200143 | Retrospective study | 148 | 8–77 (mean=36.3) | AT/AU=35, Other=113 | 12.2 | 6 months, 22.5% | NS | NS |
| 1 year, 52% | ||||||||
| Aghaei, 2005109 | Prospective study | 27 | 10–35 (mean=25) | AT/AU=16, >40% AA=11 | 24 | 6 (22.2) | 16 (59.3) | 13 (59.1) |
| Avgerinou et al, 2008110 | Prospective study | 54 | 27.2 | >25% AA=54 | 3–24 (mean=6) | 20 (37) | 15 (27.8) | 31 (88.6) |
| Ohlmeier et al, 2012111 | Retrospective study | 135 | 9–75 (mean=36) | AU=13, AT=11, other=111 | 2–300 (mean=20) | 51 (37.8) | 20 (14.8) | 23 (32.4) |
| Salsberg and Donovan, 201294 | Retrospective study | 108 | 0.33–18 (mean=11.7) | NS | 6 and 12 | 6 months, 14 (13) | 6 months, 27 (25) | NS |
| 1 year, 12 (11) | 1 year, 3 (21) | |||||||
| Pan et al, 2015112 | Prospective study | 52 | NS | AT/AU=15, other=37 | 10.92 | 21 (40.4) | 6 (11.5) | 57.1% with maintenance therapy |
| 85.7% without maintenance therapy | ||||||||
| Chiang et al, 2015113 | Retrospective study | 50 | 3–59 (mean=21) | AT=14, AU=25, other=10 | 6–180 (mean=36) | 19 (39) | 13 (27) | 17 (34) |
| Lamb et al, 2016114 | Retrospective study | 133 | 13–69 (mean=35) | AT=33, AU=20, other=80 | NS | 21 (15.8) | 30 (22.5) | NS |
| Jang et al, 201791 | Systematic review | 26 studies | 53.7% overall response rate | |||||
| 47.6% response rate in AT and AU | ||||||||
| Lee et al, 201868 | Meta-analysis | 45 studies (DPCP 31 studies, SADBE 15 studies, DPCP+SADBE 1 study) | Satisfactory hair regrowth (>75% hair regrowth) 38.9% (PA 55.4%, AT/AU 28.3%) | |||||
| CR 30.7% (PA 41.6%, AT/AU 22%) | ||||||||
| Gupta et al, 201969 | Meta-analysis | 38 studies (PA 11 studies, AT/AU 27 studies) | 63.4% satisfactory hair regrowth (>70% hair regrowth) in PA | |||||
| 87.9% satisfactory hair regrowth (>70% hair regrowth) in AT/AU | ||||||||
| Gong et al, 202056 | Prospective study | 57 | 5–63 (mean=27.1) | AT/AU=46, other=38 | 6 | 18 (31.5) | NS | 13 |
| Manimaran et al, 202053 | Prospective study | 37 | 6–51 (mean=27.75) | AT=5, AU=8, other=20 | 6 | 9 (27.2) | 11 (33.3) | NS |
| Nasimi et al, 202092 | Retrospective study | 757 | 3–77 (mean=25.9) | AT=175, AU=167, other=415 | 12.9 | 74 (16.3) | 70 (15.4) | NS |
Abbreviations: AA, alopecia areata; AO, alopecia ophiasis; AT, alopecia totalis; AU, alopecia universalis; CR, complete regrowth; DPCP, diphenylcyclopropenone; NS, not stated; PA, patch-type alopecia areata; SADBE, squaric acid dibutyl ester.