Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Level | Aripiprazole | Haloperidol | Lurasidone | Olanzapine | Perphenazine | Quetiapine | Risperidone | Ziprasidone | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of Patients | 982 | 822 | 209 | 510 | 427 | 1429 | 693 | 222 | - | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 38.13 (16.18) | 46.48 (17.12) | 37.71 (12.15) | 42.64 (15.83) | 42.71 (13.56) | 40.31 (14.52) | 38.39 (17.66) | 37.24 (12.88) | <0.001 | |
| Male (%) | 245 (24.9) | 289 (35.2) | 33 (15.8) | 186 (36.5) | 99 (23.2) | 473 (33.1) | 261 (37.7) | 45 (20.3) | <0.001 | |
| # of ED visits in previous 3 months (mean (SD)) | 0.47 (1.26) | 1.18 (2.11) | 0.44 (0.90) | 0.68 (1.31) | 0.57 (1.06) | 0.55 (1.08) | 0.54 (1.20) | 0.49 (0.88) | <0.001 | |
| Category 1 * (%) | 0 | 876 (89.2) | 549 (66.8) | 189 (90.4) | 421 (82.5) | 390 (91.3) | 1156 (80.9) | 584 (84.3) | 195 (87.8) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 106 (10.8) | 273 (33.2) | 20 (9.6) | 89 (17.5) | 37 (8.7) | 273 (19.1) | 109 (15.7) | 27 (12.2) | ||
| Category 2 * (%) | 0 | 957 (97.5) | 788 (95.9) | 201 (96.2) | 482 (94.5) | 423 (99.1) | 1393 (97.5) | 647 (93.4) | 210 (94.6) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 25 (2.5) | 34 (4.1) | 8 (3.8) | 28 (5.5) | 4 (0.9) | 36 (2.5) | 46 (6.6) | 12 (5.4) | ||
| Category 3 * (%) | 0 | 408 (41.5) | 187 (22.7) | 104 (49.8) | 176 (34.5) | 137 (32.1) | 540 (37.8) | 284 (41.0) | 93 (41.9) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 574 (58.5) | 635 (77.3) | 105 (50.2) | 334 (65.5) | 290 (67.9) | 889 (62.2) | 409 (59.0) | 129 (58.1) | ||
| Category 4 * (%) | 0 | 962 (98.0) | 792 (96.4) | 209 (100.0) | 477 (93.5) | 425 (99.5) | 1400 (98.0) | 653 (94.2) | 216 (97.3) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 20 (2.0) | 30 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (6.5) | 2 (0.5) | 29 (2.0) | 40 (5.8) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| Category 5 * (%) | 0 | 671 (68.3) | 372 (45.3) | 137 (65.6) | 287 (56.3) | 204 (47.8) | 877 (61.4) | 470 (67.8) | 155 (69.8) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 311 (31.7) | 450 (54.7) | 72 (34.4) | 223 (43.7) | 223 (52.2) | 552 (38.6) | 223 (32.2) | 67 (30.2) | ||
| Category 6 * (%) | 0 | 951 (96.8) | 781 (95.0) | 202 (96.7) | 489 (95.9) | 419 (98.1) | 1385 (96.9) | 670 (96.7) | 214 (96.4) | 0.158 |
| 1 | 31 (3.2) | 41 (5.0) | 7 (3.3) | 21 (4.1) | 8 (1.9) | 44 (3.1) | 23 (3.3) | 8 (3.6) | ||
| Category 7 * (%) | 0 | 982 (100.0) | 821 (99.9) | 209 (100.0) | 509 (99.8) | 427 (100.0) | 1428 (99.9) | 692 (99.9) | 222 (100.0) | 0.881 |
| 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Category 8 * (%) | 0 | 980 (99.8) | 821 (99.9) | 208 (99.5) | 509 (99.8) | 425 (99.5) | 1424 (99.7) | 692 (99.9) | 222 (100.0) | 0.842 |
| 1 | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Category 9 * (%) | 0 | 955 (97.3) | 787 (95.7) | 203 (97.1) | 494 (96.9) | 417 (97.7) | 1383 (96.8) | 679 (98.0) | 216 (97.3) | 0.343 |
| 1 | 27 (2.7) | 35 (4.3) | 6 (2.9) | 16 (3.1) | 10 (2.3) | 46 (3.2) | 14 (2.0) | 6 (2.7) | ||
| Category 10 * (%) | 0 | 964 (98.2) | 753 (91.6) | 207 (99.0) | 475 (93.1) | 422 (98.8) | 1383 (96.8) | 663 (95.7) | 214 (96.4) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 18 (1.8) | 69 (8.4) | 2 (1.0) | 35 (6.9) | 5 (1.2) | 46 (3.2) | 30 (4.3) | 8 (3.6) | ||
| Category 11 * (%) | 0 | 905 (92.2) | 764 (92.9) | 197 (94.3) | 466 (91.4) | 414 (97.0) | 1366 (95.6) | 611 (88.2) | 212 (95.5) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 77 (7.8) | 58 (7.1) | 12 (5.7) | 44 (8.6) | 13 (3.0) | 63 (4.4) | 82 (11.8) | 10 (4.5) | ||
| Category 12 * (%) | 0 | 979 (99.7) | 816 (99.3) | 209 (100.0) | 506 (99.2) | 426 (99.8) | 1423 (99.6) | 687 (99.1) | 220 (99.1) | 0.492 |
| 1 | 3 (0.3) | 6 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) | 6 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
* 0 represents a patient not having a diagnosis that fits under the category; 1 represents a patient who does have a diagnosis that fits under the category (see Appendix B for more details). Numbers represent number of patients followed by the percentage of patients within each drug arm in parentheses unless otherwise specified. Chi-Squared Test [31] is used for categorical variables and Student t test [32] is used for continuous variables. SD: standard deviation; ED visits: emergency department visits; #: Number.