Table 1.
Characteristics of 4879 mothers in relation to mean (standard deviation) total intake of vitamin C during and iron 8th month of pregnancy.
| Maternal Intake during Pregnancy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C, mg/MJ | Iron, mg/MJ | ||
| Characteristic | n | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Maternal age, years | |||
| ≤24 | 926 | 18.7 (11.1) | 3.8 (3.4) |
| 25–29.9 | 1700 | 18.8 (10.3) | 3.7 (3.0) |
| 30–34.9 | 1412 | 19.3 (13.4) | 3.9 (3.2) |
| ≥35 | 841 | 19.1 (12.2) | 3.8 (2.9) |
| p-value b | 0.46 | 0.72 | |
| Maternal BMI in early pregnancy, kg/m2 | |||
| <25 | 3025 | 19.3 (11.9) | 4.0 (3.3) |
| 25–29.9 | 1123 | 18.1 (10.5) | 3.6 (2.9) |
| ≥30 | 434 | 18.7 (11.1) | 3.4 (2.9) |
| Missing | 297 | ||
| p-value a | 0.01 | <0.001 | |
| Maternal weight gain rate, kg/week c | |||
| 1st quarter < 0.33 | 1136 | 19.4 (13.6) | 3.9 (3.2) |
| 2nd quarter 0.33–0.41 | 1137 | 18.4 (9.8) | 3.9 (3.3) |
| 3rd quarter 0.42–0.52 | 1137 | 18.8 (10.9) | 3.8 (3.0) |
| 4th quarter > 0.52 | 1136 | 19.1 (11.3) | 3.8 (3.1) |
| Missing | 333 | ||
| p-value a | 0.14 | 0.48 | |
| Maternal vocational education d | |||
| None | 294 | 18.2 (13.5) | 3.6 (3.2) |
| Vocational School or Course | 1291 | 18.4 (11.5) | 3.9 (3.5) |
| Secondary Vocational Education | 2067 | 18.9 (11.7) | 3.8 (3.0) |
| University Studies or Degree | 1097 | 20.1 (11.8) | 3.8 (3.1) |
| Missing | 130 | ||
| p value a | 0.001 | 0.40 | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||
| Yes | 467 | 18.1 (12.7) | 3.5 (3.6) |
| No | 4246 | 19.1 (11.7) | 3.9 (3.1) |
| Missing | 166 | ||
| p value a | 0.10 | 0.04 | |
| Maternal diabetes d | |||
| Yes | 164 | 19.0 (11.9) | 4.0 (3.1) |
| No | 4611 | 19.0 (11.8) | 3.8 (3.1) |
| Missing | 104 | ||
| p value a | 0.89 | 0.49 | |
a total intake based on diet and dietary supplements during 8th month of pregnancy. b p values for difference between groups from one-factor ANOVA. c At the time of birth. d Based on a questionnaire completed after birth. Type of diabetes not specified.