AGE	advanced glycosylation end products
BMS	burning mouth syndrome
D	type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase
DAG	diacylglycerol
DSHEA	Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act system
Epac	Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP
FBG	fasting blood glucose
FFAs	free fatty acids
FOSHU	Foods for Specialized Health Use
GDM	Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
TGR5	G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5
HFD	high fat diet
IKKb	b kinase inhibitor
IL	Interleukin
JNK	c-Jun-N-terminal kinases
LAB	lactic acid bacteria
LIP	liver inhibitory protein
LPL	lipoprotein lipase
LPS	lipopolysaccharides
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
PRRs	pattern recognition receptors
PYY	peptide tyrosine-tyrosine
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
T1DM	type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
T3	active tri-iodothyronine
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TMA	trimethylamine
TNF	Tumor necrosis facto
VLDL	very low-density lipoproteins
WGS	Whole Genome Shotgun
XR	Farnesol X-receptor