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. 2021 Mar 5;10(3):387. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030387

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The figure shows ROS and NOX modulation of different phases of secondary hemostasis and fibrinolysis through the upregulation of several proteases and the inhibition of antithrombotic factors in ECs. The imbalance generated between prothrombotic and antithrombotic factors leads to the stabilization of fibrin clot formation with subsequent development of the atherothrombotic process. ECs: Endothelial Cells; F V; Factor V; F Va; Factor Va; F VII; Factor VII; F VIIa: Factor VIIa; F VIII: Factor VIII; F VIIIa: Factor VIIIa; F IX: Factor IX; F IXa: Factor IXa; F X: Factor X; F Xa: Factor Xa; F XI: Factor XI; F XIa: Factor XIa; PAI-1: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; NOX: NADPH oxidase; TF: Tissue Factor.